Triple-Hop Mixed RF-FSO-FSO Analysis Over Double Shadowed κ-μ and Malaga-M Turbulence

Mixed radio frequency-free space optical (RF-FSO) systems are widely investigated and employed in network architectures due to their high data rate capabilities and large coverage areas. Although, the FSO beam is very sensitive to blockages such as building which leads to severe penetration loss. Thereby, in such case scenarios, it is more convenient to avoid the blockage by adding a third FSO hop to reach the destination and the signal pathway becomes a triple-hop RF-FSO-FSO system. Moreover, we need to have a more generalized RF fading model to obtain performance metrics that cover multiple signal propagation mediums. Inspired by that, we consider an uplink triple-hop RFFSO-FSO communication scenario, where the RF link is modeled with the Double Shadowed kappa-mu fading while the FSO links are subject to Malaga-M with pointing errors. Furthermore, we derive the closed-from expressions of the outage probability (OP) and the ergodic capacity in terms of the multivariate Fox-H function.