Cushing's Syndrome in Pediatrics: An Update

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a multisystem disorder resulting from the prolonged exposure to excess glucocorticoids. In children, CS most commonly results from the exogenous administration of steroids, and the typical presentation is height deceleration concomitant with weight gain. Endogenous and ectopic causes are rare. CS in children may be associated with distinct germline and somatic mutations. Clinical practice guidelines are available to assist clinicians. Patients should be referred to multidisciplinary centers of excellence with experience in endocrinology and surgery. Early detection and treatment is essential to reduce associated acute and long-term morbidity and potential death.