Concept and benchmarks for assessing narrow-sense validity of genetic risk score values

被引：16

作者：

Yu, Hongjie ^{[1
]}

Shi, Zhuqing ^{[1
,2
]}

Wu, Yishuo ^{[3
]}

Wang, Chi-Hsiung ^{[1
]}

Lin, Xiaoling ^{[2
,3
]}

Perschon, Chelsea ^{[1
]}

Isaacs, William B. ^{[4
,5
]}

Helfand, Brian T. ^{[1
]}

Zheng, S. Lilly ^{[1
]}

Duggan, David ^{[6
]}

Mo, Zengnan ^{[7
]}

Lu, Daru ^{[2
]}

Xu, Jianfeng ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

机构：

[1] NorthShore Univ HealthSyst, Program Personalized Canc Care, Evanston, IL USA

[2] Fudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Genet Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China

[3] Fudan Univ, Fudan Inst Urol, Huashan Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China

[4] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA

[5] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD USA

[6] Translat Genom Res Inst, Genet Basis Human Dis Div, Phoenix, AZ USA

[7] Guangxi Med Univ, Ctr Genom & Personalized Med, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, Peoples R China

来源：

PROSTATE | 2019年 / 79卷 / 10期

关键词：

clinical validity; genetic risk score (GRS); prostate cancer (PCa); GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; PROSTATE-CANCER; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; SEQUENCE VARIANTS; BREAST-CANCER; MULTIPLE LOCI; MEN; BIOPSY; METAANALYSIS; PREDICTION;

D O I：

10.1002/pros.23821

中图分类号：

R5 [内科学];

学科分类号：

1002 ; 100201 ;

摘要：

Background While higher genetic risk score (GRS) has been statistically associated with increased disease risk (broad-sense validity), the concept and tools for assessing the validity of reported GRS values from tests (narrow-sense validity) are underdeveloped. Methods We propose two benchmarks for assessing the narrow-sense validity of GRS. The baseline benchmark requires that the mean GRS value in a general population approximates 1.0. The calibration benchmark assesses the agreement between observed risks and estimated risks (GRS values). We assessed benchmark performance for three prostate cancer (PCa) GRS tests, derived from three SNP panels with increasing stringency of selection criteria, in a PCa chemoprevention trial where 714 of 3225 men were diagnosed with PCa during the 4-year follow-up. Results GRS from Panels 1, 2, and 3 were all statistically associated with PCa risk; P = 5.58 x 10(-3), P = 1 x 10(-3), and P = 1.5 x 10(-13), respectively (broad-sense validity). For narrow-sense validity, the mean GRS value among men without PCa was 1.33, 1.09, and 0.98 for Panels 1, 2, and 3, respectively (baseline benchmark). For assessing the calibration benchmark, observed risks were calculated for seven groups of men with GRS values <0.3, 0.3-0.79, 0.8-1.19, 1.2-1.49, 1.5-1.99, 2-2.99, and >= 3. The calibration slope (higher is better) was 0.15, 0.12, and 0.60, and the bias score (lower is better) between the observed risks and GRS values was 0.08, 0.08, and 0.02 for Panels 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion Performance differed considerably among GRS tests. We recommend that all GRS tests be evaluated using the two benchmarks before clinical implementation for individual risk assessment.

引用

页码：1099 / 1105

页数：7

共 39 条

[1] A meta-analysis of 87,040 individuals identifies 23 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer [J].

Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Berndt, Sonja I. ;

Conti, David V. ;

Schumacher, Fredrick ;

Han, Ying ;

Benlloch, Sara ;

Hazelett, Dennis J. ;

Wang, Zhaoming ;

Saunders, Ed ;

Leongamornlert, Daniel ;

Lindstrom, Sara ;

Jugurnauth-Little, Sara ;

Dadaev, Tokhir ;

Tymrakiewicz, Malgorzata ;

Stram, Daniel O. ;

Rand, Kristin ;

Wan, Peggy ;

Stram, Alex ;

Sheng, Xin ;

Pooler, Loreall C. ;

Park, Karen ;

Xia, Lucy ;

Tyrer, Jonathan ;

Kolonel, Laurence N. ;

Le Marchand, Loic ;

Hoover, Robert N. ;

Machiela, Mitchell J. ;

Yeager, Merideth ;

Burdette, Laurie ;

Chung, Charles C. ;

Hutchinson, Amy ;

Yu, Kai ;

Goh, Chee ;

Ahmed, Mahbubl ;

Govindasami, Koveela ;

Guy, Michelle ;

Tammela, Teuvo L. J. ;

Auvinen, Anssi ;

Wahlfors, Tlina ;

Schleutker, Johanna ;

Visakorpi, Tapio ;

Leinonen, Katri A. ;

Xu, Jianfeng ;

Aly, Markus ;

Donovan, Jenny ;

Travis, Ruth C. ;

Key, Tim J. ;

Siddiq, Afshan ;

Canzian, Federico .

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Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Schumacher, Fredrick R. ;

Wiklund, Fredrik ;

Berndt, Sonja I. ;

Benlloch, Sara ;

Giles, Graham G. ;

Severi, Gianluca ;

Neal, David E. ;

Hamdy, Freddie C. ;

Donovan, Jenny L. ;

Hunter, David J. ;

Henderson, Brian E. ;

Thun, Michael J. ;

Gaziano, Michael ;

Giovannucci, Edward L. ;

Siddiq, Afshan ;

Travis, Ruth C. ;

Cox, David G. ;

Canzian, Federico ;

Riboli, Elio ;

Key, Timothy J. ;

Andriole, Gerald ;

Albanes, Demetrius ;

Hayes, Richard B. ;

Schleutker, Johanna ;

Auvinen, Anssi ;

Tammela, Teuvo L. J. ;

Weischer, Maren ;

Stanford, Janet L. ;

Ostrander, Elaine A. ;

Cybulski, Cezary ;

Lubinski, Jan ;

Thibodeau, Stephen N. ;

Schaid, Daniel J. ;

Sorensen, Karina D. ;

Batra, Jyotsna ;

Clements, Judith A. ;

Chambers, Suzanne ;

Aitken, Joanne ;

Gardiner, Robert A. ;

Maier, Christiane ;

Vogel, Walther ;

Doerk, Thilo ;

Brenner, Hermann ;

Habuchi, Tomonori ;

Ingles, Sue ;

John, Esther M. ;

Dickinson, Joanne L. ;

Cannon-Albright, Lisa .

HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS, 2013, 22 (02) :408-415

[3] Multiple loci on 8q24 associated with prostate cancer susceptibility [J].

Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Giles, Graham G. ;

Guy, Michelle ;

Morrison, Jonathan ;

Severi, Gianluca ;

Leongamornlert, Daniel A. ;

Tymrakiewicz, Malgorzata ;

Jhavar, Sameer ;

Saunders, Ed ;

Hopper, John L. ;

Southey, Melissa C. ;

Muir, Kenneth R. ;

English, Dallas R. ;

Dearnaley, David P. ;

Ardern-Jones, Audrey T. ;

Hall, Amanda L. ;

O'Brien, Lynne T. ;

Wilkinson, Rosemary A. ;

Sawyer, Emma ;

Lophatananon, Artitaya ;

Horwich, Alan ;

Huddart, Robert A. ;

Khoo, Vincent S. ;

Parker, Christopher C. ;

Woodhouse, Christopher J. ;

Thompson, Alan ;

Christmas, Tim ;

Ogden, Chris ;

Cooper, Colin ;

Donovan, Jenny L. ;

Hamdy, Freddie C. ;

Neal, David E. ;

Eeles, Rosalind A. ;

Easton, Douglas F. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2009, 41 (10) :1058-1060

[4] Mortality Results from a Randomized Prostate-Cancer Screening Trial [J].

Andriole, Gerald L. ;

Grubb, Robert L., III ;

Buys, Saundra S. ;

Chia, David ;

Church, Timothy R. ;

Fouad, Mona N. ;

Gelmann, Edward P. ;

Kvale, Paul A. ;

Reding, Douglas J. ;

Weissfeld, Joel L. ;

Yokochi, Lance A. ;

Crawford, E. David ;

O'Brien, Barbara ;

Clapp, Jonathan D. ;

Rathmell, Joshua M. ;

Riley, Thomas L. ;

Hayes, Richard B. ;

Kramer, Barnett S. ;

Izmirlian, Grant ;

Miller, Anthony B. ;

Pinsky, Paul F. ;

Prorok, Philip C. ;

Gohagan, John K. ;

Berg, Christine D. .

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2009, 360 (13) :1310-1319

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Berndt, Sonja I. ;

Wang, Zhaoming ;

Yeager, Meredith ;

Alavanja, Michael C. ;

Albanes, Demetrius ;

Amundadottir, Laufey ;

Andriole, Gerald ;

Freeman, Laura Beane ;

Campa, Daniele ;

Cancel-Tassin, Geraldine ;

Canzian, Federico ;

Cornu, Jean-Nicolas ;

Cussenot, Olivier ;

Diver, W. Ryan ;

Gapstur, Susan M. ;

Gronberg, Henrik ;

Haiman, Christopher A. ;

Henderson, Brian ;

Hutchinson, Amy ;

Hunter, David J. ;

Key, Timothy J. ;

Kolb, Suzanne ;

Koutros, Stella ;

Kraft, Peter ;

Le Marchand, Loic ;

Lindstroem, Sara ;

Machiela, Mitchell J. ;

Ostrander, Elaine A. ;

Riboli, Elio ;

Schumacher, Fred ;

Siddiq, Afshan ;

Stanford, Janet L. ;

Stevens, Victoria L. ;

Travis, Ruth C. ;

Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. ;

Virtamo, Jarmo ;

Weinstein, Stephanie ;

Wilkund, Fredrik ;

Xu, Jianfeng ;

Zheng, S. Lilly ;

Yu, Kai ;

Wheeler, William ;

Zhang, Han ;

Consortium, African Ancestry Prostate Canc G. W. A. S. ;

Sampson, Joshua ;

Black, Amanda ;

Jacobs, Kevin ;

Hoover, Robert N. ;

Tucker, Margaret ;

Chanock, Stephen J. .

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 2015, 6

[6] Adding genetic risk score to family history identifies twice as many high-risk men for prostate cancer: Results from the prostate cancer prevention trial [J].

Chen, Haitao ;

Liu, Xu ;

Brendler, Charles B. ;

Ankerst, Donna P. ;

Leach, Robin J. ;

Goodman, Phyllis J. ;

Lucia, M. Scott ;

Tangen, Catherine M. ;

Wang, Li ;

Hsu, Fang-Chi ;

Sun, Jielin ;

Kader, A. Karim ;

Isaacs, William B. ;

Helfand, Brian T. ;

Zheng, S. Lilly ;

Thompson, Ian M. ;

Platz, Elizabeth A. ;

Xu, Jianfeng .

PROSTATE, 2016, 76 (12) :1120-1129

[7] Evaluating Genetic Risk for Prostate Cancer among Japanese and Latinos [J].

Cheng, Iona ;

Chen, Gary K. ;

Nakagawa, Hidewaki ;

He, Jing ;

Wan, Peggy ;

Laurie, Cathy C. ;

Shen, Jess ;

Sheng, Xin ;

Pooler, Loreall C. ;

Crenshaw, Andrew T. ;

Mirel, Daniel B. ;

Takahashi, Atsushi ;

Kubo, Michiaki ;

Nakamura, Yusuke ;

Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Benlloch, Sara ;

Donovan, Jenny L. ;

Guy, Michelle ;

Hamdy, Freddie C. ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Neal, David E. ;

Wilkens, Lynne R. ;

Monroe, Kristine R. ;

Stram, Daniel O. ;

Muir, Kenneth ;

Eeles, Rosalind A. ;

Easton, Douglas F. ;

Kolonel, Laurence N. ;

Henderson, Brian E. ;

Le Marchand, Loic ;

Haiman, Christopher A. .

CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION, 2012, 21 (11) :2048-2058

[8] Population-standardized genetic risk score: the SNP-based method of choice for inherited risk assessment of prostate cancer [J].

Conran, Carly A. ;

Na, Rong ;

Chen, Haitao ;

Jiang, Deke ;

Lin, Xiaoling ;

Zheng, S. Lilly ;

Brendler, Charles B. ;

Xu, Jianfeng .

ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, 2016, 18 (04) :520-524

[9] Impact of a Panel of 88 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on the Risk of Breast Cancer in High-Risk Women: Results From Two Randomized Tamoxifen Prevention Trials [J].

Cuzick, Jack ;

Brentnall, Adam R. ;

Segal, Corrinne ;

Byers, Helen ;

Reuter, Caroline ;

Detre, Simone ;

Lopez-Knowles, Elena ;

Sestak, Ivana ;

Howell, Anthony ;

Powles, Trevor J. ;

Newman, William G. ;

Dowsett, Mitchell .

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2017, 35 (07) :743-+

[10] Multiple newly identified loci associated with prostate cancer susceptibility [J].

Eeles, Rosalind A. ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Giles, Graham G. ;

Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Guy, Michelle ;

Jugurnauth, Sarah K. ;

Mulholland, Shani ;

Leongamornlert, Daniel A. ;

Edwards, Stephen M. ;

Morrison, Jonathan ;

Field, Helen I. ;

Southey, Melissa C. ;

Severi, Gianluca ;

Donovan, Jenny L. ;

Hamdy, Freddie C. ;

Dearnaley, David P. ;

Muir, Kenneth R. ;

Smith, Charmaine ;

Bagnato, Melisa ;

Ardern-Jones, Audrey T. ;

Hall, Amanda L. ;

O'Brien, Lynne T. ;

Gehr-Swain, Beatrice N. ;

Wilkinson, Rosemary A. ;

Cox, Angie ;

Lewis, Sarah ;

Brown, Paul M. ;

Jhavar, Sameer G. ;

Tymrakiewicz, Malgorzata ;

Lophatananon, Artitaya ;

Bryant, Sarah L. ;

Horwich, Alan ;

Huddart, Robert A. ;

Khoo, Vincent S. ;

Parker, Christopher C. ;

Woodhouse, Christopher J. ;

Thompson, Alan ;

Christmas, Tim ;

Ogden, Chris ;

Fisher, Cyril ;

Jamieson, Charles ;

Cooper, Colin S. ;

English, Dallas R. ;

Hopper, John L. ;

Neal, David E. ;

Easton, Douglas F. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (03) :316-321

← 1 2 3 4 →

共 39 条

[1] A meta-analysis of 87,040 individuals identifies 23 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer [J].

Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Berndt, Sonja I. ;

Conti, David V. ;

Schumacher, Fredrick ;

Han, Ying ;

Benlloch, Sara ;

Hazelett, Dennis J. ;

Wang, Zhaoming ;

Saunders, Ed ;

Leongamornlert, Daniel ;

Lindstrom, Sara ;

Jugurnauth-Little, Sara ;

Dadaev, Tokhir ;

Tymrakiewicz, Malgorzata ;

Stram, Daniel O. ;

Rand, Kristin ;

Wan, Peggy ;

Stram, Alex ;

Sheng, Xin ;

Pooler, Loreall C. ;

Park, Karen ;

Xia, Lucy ;

Tyrer, Jonathan ;

Kolonel, Laurence N. ;

Le Marchand, Loic ;

Hoover, Robert N. ;

Machiela, Mitchell J. ;

Yeager, Merideth ;

Burdette, Laurie ;

Chung, Charles C. ;

Hutchinson, Amy ;

Yu, Kai ;

Goh, Chee ;

Ahmed, Mahbubl ;

Govindasami, Koveela ;

Guy, Michelle ;

Tammela, Teuvo L. J. ;

Auvinen, Anssi ;

Wahlfors, Tlina ;

Schleutker, Johanna ;

Visakorpi, Tapio ;

Leinonen, Katri A. ;

Xu, Jianfeng ;

Aly, Markus ;

Donovan, Jenny ;

Travis, Ruth C. ;

Key, Tim J. ;

Siddiq, Afshan ;

Canzian, Federico .

NATURE GENETICS, 2014, 46 (10) :1103-1109

[2] A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to identify prostate cancer susceptibility loci associated with aggressive and non-aggressive disease [J].

Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Schumacher, Fredrick R. ;

Wiklund, Fredrik ;

Berndt, Sonja I. ;

Benlloch, Sara ;

Giles, Graham G. ;

Severi, Gianluca ;

Neal, David E. ;

Hamdy, Freddie C. ;

Donovan, Jenny L. ;

Hunter, David J. ;

Henderson, Brian E. ;

Thun, Michael J. ;

Gaziano, Michael ;

Giovannucci, Edward L. ;

Siddiq, Afshan ;

Travis, Ruth C. ;

Cox, David G. ;

Canzian, Federico ;

Riboli, Elio ;

Key, Timothy J. ;

Andriole, Gerald ;

Albanes, Demetrius ;

Hayes, Richard B. ;

Schleutker, Johanna ;

Auvinen, Anssi ;

Tammela, Teuvo L. J. ;

Weischer, Maren ;

Stanford, Janet L. ;

Ostrander, Elaine A. ;

Cybulski, Cezary ;

Lubinski, Jan ;

Thibodeau, Stephen N. ;

Schaid, Daniel J. ;

Sorensen, Karina D. ;

Batra, Jyotsna ;

Clements, Judith A. ;

Chambers, Suzanne ;

Aitken, Joanne ;

Gardiner, Robert A. ;

Maier, Christiane ;

Vogel, Walther ;

Doerk, Thilo ;

Brenner, Hermann ;

Habuchi, Tomonori ;

Ingles, Sue ;

John, Esther M. ;

Dickinson, Joanne L. ;

Cannon-Albright, Lisa .

HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS, 2013, 22 (02) :408-415

[3] Multiple loci on 8q24 associated with prostate cancer susceptibility [J].

Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Giles, Graham G. ;

Guy, Michelle ;

Morrison, Jonathan ;

Severi, Gianluca ;

Leongamornlert, Daniel A. ;

Tymrakiewicz, Malgorzata ;

Jhavar, Sameer ;

Saunders, Ed ;

Hopper, John L. ;

Southey, Melissa C. ;

Muir, Kenneth R. ;

English, Dallas R. ;

Dearnaley, David P. ;

Ardern-Jones, Audrey T. ;

Hall, Amanda L. ;

O'Brien, Lynne T. ;

Wilkinson, Rosemary A. ;

Sawyer, Emma ;

Lophatananon, Artitaya ;

Horwich, Alan ;

Huddart, Robert A. ;

Khoo, Vincent S. ;

Parker, Christopher C. ;

Woodhouse, Christopher J. ;

Thompson, Alan ;

Christmas, Tim ;

Ogden, Chris ;

Cooper, Colin ;

Donovan, Jenny L. ;

Hamdy, Freddie C. ;

Neal, David E. ;

Eeles, Rosalind A. ;

Easton, Douglas F. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2009, 41 (10) :1058-1060

[4] Mortality Results from a Randomized Prostate-Cancer Screening Trial [J].

Andriole, Gerald L. ;

Grubb, Robert L., III ;

Buys, Saundra S. ;

Chia, David ;

Church, Timothy R. ;

Fouad, Mona N. ;

Gelmann, Edward P. ;

Kvale, Paul A. ;

Reding, Douglas J. ;

Weissfeld, Joel L. ;

Yokochi, Lance A. ;

Crawford, E. David ;

O'Brien, Barbara ;

Clapp, Jonathan D. ;

Rathmell, Joshua M. ;

Riley, Thomas L. ;

Hayes, Richard B. ;

Kramer, Barnett S. ;

Izmirlian, Grant ;

Miller, Anthony B. ;

Pinsky, Paul F. ;

Prorok, Philip C. ;

Gohagan, John K. ;

Berg, Christine D. .

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2009, 360 (13) :1310-1319

[5] Two susceptibility loci identified for prostate cancer aggressiveness [J].

Berndt, Sonja I. ;

Wang, Zhaoming ;

Yeager, Meredith ;

Alavanja, Michael C. ;

Albanes, Demetrius ;

Amundadottir, Laufey ;

Andriole, Gerald ;

Freeman, Laura Beane ;

Campa, Daniele ;

Cancel-Tassin, Geraldine ;

Canzian, Federico ;

Cornu, Jean-Nicolas ;

Cussenot, Olivier ;

Diver, W. Ryan ;

Gapstur, Susan M. ;

Gronberg, Henrik ;

Haiman, Christopher A. ;

Henderson, Brian ;

Hutchinson, Amy ;

Hunter, David J. ;

Key, Timothy J. ;

Kolb, Suzanne ;

Koutros, Stella ;

Kraft, Peter ;

Le Marchand, Loic ;

Lindstroem, Sara ;

Machiela, Mitchell J. ;

Ostrander, Elaine A. ;

Riboli, Elio ;

Schumacher, Fred ;

Siddiq, Afshan ;

Stanford, Janet L. ;

Stevens, Victoria L. ;

Travis, Ruth C. ;

Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. ;

Virtamo, Jarmo ;

Weinstein, Stephanie ;

Wilkund, Fredrik ;

Xu, Jianfeng ;

Zheng, S. Lilly ;

Yu, Kai ;

Wheeler, William ;

Zhang, Han ;

Consortium, African Ancestry Prostate Canc G. W. A. S. ;

Sampson, Joshua ;

Black, Amanda ;

Jacobs, Kevin ;

Hoover, Robert N. ;

Tucker, Margaret ;

Chanock, Stephen J. .

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 2015, 6

[6] Adding genetic risk score to family history identifies twice as many high-risk men for prostate cancer: Results from the prostate cancer prevention trial [J].

Chen, Haitao ;

Liu, Xu ;

Brendler, Charles B. ;

Ankerst, Donna P. ;

Leach, Robin J. ;

Goodman, Phyllis J. ;

Lucia, M. Scott ;

Tangen, Catherine M. ;

Wang, Li ;

Hsu, Fang-Chi ;

Sun, Jielin ;

Kader, A. Karim ;

Isaacs, William B. ;

Helfand, Brian T. ;

Zheng, S. Lilly ;

Thompson, Ian M. ;

Platz, Elizabeth A. ;

Xu, Jianfeng .

PROSTATE, 2016, 76 (12) :1120-1129

[7] Evaluating Genetic Risk for Prostate Cancer among Japanese and Latinos [J].

Cheng, Iona ;

Chen, Gary K. ;

Nakagawa, Hidewaki ;

He, Jing ;

Wan, Peggy ;

Laurie, Cathy C. ;

Shen, Jess ;

Sheng, Xin ;

Pooler, Loreall C. ;

Crenshaw, Andrew T. ;

Mirel, Daniel B. ;

Takahashi, Atsushi ;

Kubo, Michiaki ;

Nakamura, Yusuke ;

Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Benlloch, Sara ;

Donovan, Jenny L. ;

Guy, Michelle ;

Hamdy, Freddie C. ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Neal, David E. ;

Wilkens, Lynne R. ;

Monroe, Kristine R. ;

Stram, Daniel O. ;

Muir, Kenneth ;

Eeles, Rosalind A. ;

Easton, Douglas F. ;

Kolonel, Laurence N. ;

Henderson, Brian E. ;

Le Marchand, Loic ;

Haiman, Christopher A. .

CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION, 2012, 21 (11) :2048-2058

[8] Population-standardized genetic risk score: the SNP-based method of choice for inherited risk assessment of prostate cancer [J].

Conran, Carly A. ;

Na, Rong ;

Chen, Haitao ;

Jiang, Deke ;

Lin, Xiaoling ;

Zheng, S. Lilly ;

Brendler, Charles B. ;

Xu, Jianfeng .

ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, 2016, 18 (04) :520-524

[9] Impact of a Panel of 88 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on the Risk of Breast Cancer in High-Risk Women: Results From Two Randomized Tamoxifen Prevention Trials [J].

Cuzick, Jack ;

Brentnall, Adam R. ;

Segal, Corrinne ;

Byers, Helen ;

Reuter, Caroline ;

Detre, Simone ;

Lopez-Knowles, Elena ;

Sestak, Ivana ;

Howell, Anthony ;

Powles, Trevor J. ;

Newman, William G. ;

Dowsett, Mitchell .

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2017, 35 (07) :743-+

[10] Multiple newly identified loci associated with prostate cancer susceptibility [J].

Eeles, Rosalind A. ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Giles, Graham G. ;

Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Guy, Michelle ;

Jugurnauth, Sarah K. ;

Mulholland, Shani ;

Leongamornlert, Daniel A. ;

Edwards, Stephen M. ;

Morrison, Jonathan ;

Field, Helen I. ;

Southey, Melissa C. ;

Severi, Gianluca ;

Donovan, Jenny L. ;

Hamdy, Freddie C. ;

Dearnaley, David P. ;

Muir, Kenneth R. ;

Smith, Charmaine ;

Bagnato, Melisa ;

Ardern-Jones, Audrey T. ;

Hall, Amanda L. ;

O'Brien, Lynne T. ;

Gehr-Swain, Beatrice N. ;

Wilkinson, Rosemary A. ;

Cox, Angie ;

Lewis, Sarah ;

Brown, Paul M. ;

Jhavar, Sameer G. ;

Tymrakiewicz, Malgorzata ;

Lophatananon, Artitaya ;

Bryant, Sarah L. ;

Horwich, Alan ;

Huddart, Robert A. ;

Khoo, Vincent S. ;

Parker, Christopher C. ;

Woodhouse, Christopher J. ;

Thompson, Alan ;

Christmas, Tim ;

Ogden, Chris ;

Fisher, Cyril ;

Jamieson, Charles ;

Cooper, Colin S. ;

English, Dallas R. ;

Hopper, John L. ;

Neal, David E. ;

Easton, Douglas F. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (03) :316-321

← 1 2 3 4 →