Seasonal Dynamics of Malaria in Pregnancy in West Africa: Evidence for Carriage of Infections Acquired Before Pregnancy Until First Contact with Antenatal Care

被引:32
作者
Berry, Isha [1 ]
Walker, Patrick [2 ]
Tagbor, Harry [3 ]
Bojang, Kalifa [4 ]
Coulibaly, Sheick Oumar [5 ]
Kayentao, Kassoum [6 ]
Williams, John [7 ]
Oduro, Abraham [7 ]
Milligan, Paul [1 ]
Chandramohan, Daniel [1 ]
Greenwood, Brian [1 ]
Cairns, Matthew [1 ]
机构
[1] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England
[2] Imperial Coll London, London, England
[3] Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Ho, Ghana
[4] MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
[5] WHO, Reg Off Afr, Brazzaville, Rep Congo
[6] Univ Sci Tech & Technol, Fac Med & Odontostomatol, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali
[7] Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Ghana
基金
比尔及梅琳达.盖茨基金会;
关键词
PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; BURDEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
D O I
10.4269/ajtmh.17-0620
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
In malaria-endemic areas, Plasmodium falciparum prevalence is often high in young women because of 1) low use of insecticide-treated nets before their first pregnancy and 2) acquired immunity, meaning infections are asymptomatic and thus untreated. Consequently, a common source of malaria in pregnancy (MiP) may be infected women becoming pregnant, rather than pregnant women becoming infected. In this study, prevalence of infection was determined by microscopy at first antenatal care (ANC) visit in primigravidae and secundigravidae in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mali, and The Gambia, four countries with strong seasonal variations in transmission. Duration of pregnancy spent in the rainy season and other risk factors for infection were evaluated using multivariable Poisson regression. We found that the overall prevalence of malaria at first ANC was generally high and increased with time spent pregnant during the rainy season: prevalence among those with the longest exposure was 59.7% in Ghana, 56.7% in Burkina Faso, 42.2% in Mali, and 16.8% in Gambia. However, the prevalence was substantial even among women whose entire pregnancy before first ANC had occurred in the dry season: 41.3%, 34.4%, 11.5%, and 7.8%, respectively, in the four countries. In multivariable analysis, risk of infection was also higher among primigravidae, younger women, and those of lower socioeconomic status, independent of seasonality. High prevalence among women without exposure to high transmission during their pregnancy suggests that part of the MiP burden results from long-duration infections, including those acquired preconception. Prevention of malaria before pregnancy is needed to reduce the MiP burden.
引用
收藏
页码:534 / 542
页数:9
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