A review of invasive biology, prevalence and management of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae)

The blue gum chalcid, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) is widely distributed in Africa, America, Europe and Asia. Destructive damage of this wasp has been given much attention by many biologists and entomologists. We reviewed the invasive biology, distribution, mode of spread and situation of management of L. invasa in view of the status of rapid spread and serious damage. Research directions and methods of further studies were proposed, including reproductive mode and population expansion, impact factors and the formation mechanism of inducing gall, flight capacity of the wasp, effects of the ecological environment on distribution and occurrence, and control strategies. This information is beneficial to explore the mechanism of invasion and outbreak of invasive species.