Effects of the methanol root extract of Carpolobia lutea on sperm indices, acrosome reaction, and sperm DNA integrity in cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats

Objective: Oxidative stress is a mechanism of cadmium-induced reproductive dysfunction. Carpolobia lutea is a free radical scavenger. Our study investigated the potential protective effects of Carpolobia lutea root methanol extract against cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity. Methods: We obtained the Carpolobia lutea root in Akure, and it was authenticated at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) herbarium, Ibadan, Nigeria, with FHI number 109784. We used Soxhlet extraction to obtain its methanol extract. We used thirty male Wistar rats (150-170g) in this study, (n=5 per group), and treated them as follows: Control (1 ml/kg normal saline), Cd (2 mg/kg), Cd+MCL (2 mg/kg+100 mg/kg), Cd+MCL (2 mg/kg+200 mg/kg), MCL (100 mg/kg), MCL (200 mg/kg). We administered Carpolobia lutea orally for 8 weeks. We administered a single dose of 2 mg/kg of cadmium intraperitoneally. We assessed the sperm profile using a computer-aided sperm analyzer. Under microscopy, we determined the sperm acrosome reaction and the DNA damage. We measured the seminal fructose level using spectrophotometry, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05. Results: Cd+MCL (2mg/kg+200 mg/kg) significantly increased sperm count (339.0 +/- 25.0 vs. 29.0 +/- 4.5 million/mL), motility (80.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 55.0 +/- 4.9%), viability (68.7 +/- 2.7 vs. 31.3 +/- 2.9%) and decreased abnormal sperm (28.3 +/- 1.7 vs. 43.3 +/- 2.5%), relative to the cadmium group. Cd+MCL (2mg/kg+200 mg/kg) significantly increased acrosome reaction (68.0 +/- 7.5 vs. 15.2 +/- 2.4%) and seminal fructose level (0.49 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.06 mmol/L) relative to the cadmium group. Cd+MCL (2mg/kg+200 mg/kg) significantly decreased sperm DNA damage (14.1 +/- 1.6 vs. 35.9 +/- 5.3%) in relation to the cadmium group. Conclusions: Carpolobia lutea root extract improves the sperm variables of rats exposed to cadmium.