Inverse Flexoelectret Effect: Bending Dielectrics by a Uniform Electric Field

It is highly desirable to discover an electromechanical coupling that allows a dielectric material to generate curvature in response to a uniform electric field, which would help to simplify device design and reduce interface failure in designing actuators. Flexoelectricity, a two-way coupling between polarization and strain gradient, is a good candidate. However, its applications are usually limited to the nanoscale due to its inherent size dependence. Here, an inverse flexoelectret effect in silicone elastomers is introduced to overcome this limitation. On the basis of this idea, a flexing actuator that can generate large curvature at the millimeter length scale is fabricated and shown to have excellent actuation performance, comparable with that of current nanoscale flexoelectric actuators. Theoretical analysis indicates that the phenomenon originates from the interplay of electrets and Maxwell stress. This work opens an avenue for applying macroscopic flexoelectricity in actuators and flexible electronics.