Understandings of acupuncture application and mechanisms

被引:23
作者
Lin, Jaung-Geng [1 ,2 ,4 ,5 ]
Kotha, Peddanna [3 ]
Chen, Yi-Hung [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] China Med Univ, Sch Chinese Med, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
[2] China Med Univ, Chinese Med Res Ctr, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
[3] China Med Univ, Grad Inst Acupuncture Sci, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
[4] Asia Univ, Dept Healthcare Adm, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
[5] Tzu Chi Univ, Sch Chinese Med, Hualien 970, Taiwan
来源
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH | 2022年 / 14卷 / 03期
关键词
Acupuncture; analgesia; neurotransmission; opioids; pain; LOW-BACK-PAIN; TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE; CHRONIC SHOULDER PAIN; CHRONIC NECK PAIN; CHRONIC KNEE PAIN; PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ELECTROACUPUNCTURE; METAANALYSIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Acupuncture involves the stimulation of acupoints, which are located at specific sites of the human body, by insertion of fine metal needles, followed by manipulation. Acupuncture has been proven to be an effective treatment in pain relief. Available evidence showed that acupuncture alleviates acute pain in conditions such as postoperative pain, acute back pain, labour pain, primary dysmenorrhea, tension-type headaches and migraines. In addition, acupuncture relieves chronic pain, for example, low back pain (LBP), knee osteoarthritis (KOA), headache, shoulder pain, and neck pain. For other diseases like insomnia, drug addiction and stroke, more high quality randomized control trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm the efficacy of acupuncture, although there are particular difficulties surrounding adequate blinding and control group designs. Recent biomedical technology unveils the mechanisms of acupuncture. Studies have found that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are involved in the stimulation of acupuncture at the acupoint area. In the central nervous system (CNS), neurotransmissions including opioids, serotonin, norepinephrine, orexin and endocannabinoid are modulated by acupuncture to induce analgesia. Moreover, acupuncture reduces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels on the peripheral level by acting on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, mediating peripheral opioid release. Acupuncture helps to treat insomnia by inhibiting sympathetic activity and down-regulatingthe HPA axis. Additionally, acupuncture reduces the effects of positive and negative reinforcements by modulating dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Recently, i-needles have been developed to allow for the analysis of metagenomics, meta-transcriptomics, and host-microbiome relationships following acupuncture, while skin implantable microsensors or needle-shaped microsensors are feasible for monitoring real time microenvironmental changes in acupoints and even target organs. These studies may further accelerate the understanding of acupuncture's action mechanism.
引用
收藏
页码:1469 / 1481
页数:13
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