Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in substance users: a comparison across substances

被引:107
作者
Smith, Matthew J. [1 ]
Thirthalli, Jagadisha [4 ]
Ben Abdallah, Arbi [3 ]
Murray, Robin M. [2 ]
Cottler, Linda B. [3 ]
机构
[1] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
[2] Inst Psychiat, Div Psychiat & Psychol Med, London SE5 8AF, England
[3] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Epidemiol & Prevent Res Grp EPRG, St Louis, MO 63101 USA
[4] Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Dept Psychiat, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
关键词
CANNABIS USE; USE DISORDERS; RISK-FACTORS; DRUG-ABUSE; CIDI-SAM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; POPULATION; COCAINE; DOPAMINE; COMORBIDITY;
D O I
10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.07.009
中图分类号
R749 [精神病学];
学科分类号
100205 ;
摘要
Background: psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations) are reported to be increased among persons using illicit substances, but little is known about the comparative frequency with which the symptoms occur with abuse of different substances. To establish this, we interviewed individuals who had wide experience of commonly used drugs. Methods: Four hundred seventy-six intravenous drug users, crack-cocaine users, and heroin snorters recruited via street outreach were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Substance Abuse Model to assess dependence on a number of substances including amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, and opioids. As a part of this assessment, we assessed a history of delusions and hallucinations in the context of use of, or withdrawal from, these specific substances. Results: From 27.8% to 79.6%, users of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, and opiates met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, dependence for that specific substance. The prevalence of psychotic symptoms associated with each specific substance ranged from users with no diagnosis to users with severe dependence as follows: amphetamines (5.2%-100%), cannabis (12.4%-80.0%), cocaine (6.7%-80.7%), and opiates (6.7%-58.2%). The risk of psychotic symptoms increased for respondents who abused (odds ratio [OR], 12.2) or had mild (OR, 17.1), moderate (OR, 47.0), or severe dependence (OR, 114.0) on cocaine when compared to those who were users with no diagnosis. A similar pattern was evident in cannabis, opiate, and amphetamine users. Conclusions: Most users dependent on illicit substances experience psychotic symptoms in the context of use of. or withdrawal from, these Substances. Psychotic symptoms increased with the severity of the substance use disorders for all 4 Substances. These findings emphasize the importance of developing services to target this population as they are at a heightened risk for developing psychotic symptoms. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:245 / 250
页数:6
相关论文
共 45 条
  • [1] CANNABIS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA - A LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF SWEDISH CONSCRIPTS
    ANDREASSON, S
    ENGSTROM, A
    ALLEBECK, P
    RYDBERG, U
    [J]. LANCET, 1987, 2 (8574) : 1483 - 1486
  • [2] [Anonymous], 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STAT MANU, V4th
  • [3] [Anonymous], 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, DOI DOI 10.1176/APPI.BOOKS.9780890425787
  • [4] Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study
    Arseneault, L
    Cannon, M
    Poulton, R
    Murray, R
    Caspi, A
    Moffitt, TE
    [J]. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2002, 325 (7374): : 1212 - 1213
  • [5] Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence
    Arseneault, L
    Cannon, M
    Witton, J
    Murray, RM
    [J]. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 2004, 184 : 110 - 117
  • [6] Barry KL, 1996, PSYCHIATR SERV, V47, P88
  • [7] BOYD JH, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P982
  • [8] A comparison of symptoms and family history in schizophrenia with and without prior cannabis use: Implications for the concept of cannabis psychosis
    Boydell, J.
    Dean, K.
    Dutta, R.
    Giouroukou, E.
    Fearon, P.
    Murray, R.
    [J]. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH, 2007, 93 (1-3) : 203 - 210
  • [9] CHOPRA GS, 1974, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V30, P24
  • [10] Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States -: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
    Compton, Wilson M.
    Thomas, Yonette F.
    Stinson, Frederick S.
    Grant, Bridget F.
    [J]. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY, 2007, 64 (05) : 566 - 576