Mapping the world's free-flowing rivers

被引：1558

作者：

Grill, G. ^{[1
]}

Lehner, B. ^{[1
]}

Thieme, M. ^{[2
]}

Geenen, B. ^{[3
]}

Tickner, D. ^{[4
]}

Antonelli, F. ^{[5
]}

Babu, S. ^{[6
]}

Borrelli, P. ^{[7
,8
]}

Cheng, L. ^{[9
]}

Crochetiere, H. ^{[10
]}

Macedo, H. Ehalt ^{[1
]}

Filgueiras, R. ^{[11
,38
]}

Goichot, M. ^{[12
]}

Higgins, J. ^{[13
]}

Hogan, Z. ^{[14
,15
]}

Lip, B. ^{[16
]}

McClain, M. E. ^{[17
,18
]}

Meng, J. ^{[19
,20
]}

Mulligan, M. ^{[21
]}

Nilsson, C. ^{[22
,23
]}

Olden, J. D. ^{[24
]}

Opperman, J. J. ^{[2
]}

Petry, P. ^{[25
,26
]}

Liermann, C. Reidy ^{[27
]}

Saenz, L. ^{[28
,29
]}

Salinas-Rodriguez, S. ^{[30
]}

Schelle, P. ^{[31
]}

Schmitt, R. J. P. ^{[32
,33
]}

Snider, J. ^{[10
]}

Tan, F. ^{[1
]}

Tockner, K. ^{[34
,35
,39
]}

Valdujo, P. H. ^{[36
]}

van Soesbergen, A. ^{[21
]}

Zarfl, C. ^{[37
]}

机构：

[1] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada

[2] WWF US, Washington, DC USA

[3] WWF NL, Zeist, Netherlands

[4] WWF UK, Woking, Surrey, England

[5] WWF Mediterranean, Rome, Italy

[6] WWF India, New Delhi, India

[7] Univ Basel, Environm Geosci, Basel, Switzerland

[8] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Directorate Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy

[9] WWF China, Beijing, Peoples R China

[10] WWF Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada

[11] WWF Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

[12] WWF Greater Mekong Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

[13] Nat Conservancy TNC, Chicago, IL USA

[14] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA

[15] Univ Nevada, Global Water Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA

[16] WWF Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia

[17] IHE Delft, Dept Water Sci & Engn, Delft, Netherlands

[18] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Water Management, Delft, Netherlands

[19] WWF Germany, Berlin, Germany

[20] HTWG Konstanz Univ Appl Sci, Constance, Germany

[21] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London, England

[22] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Umea, Sweden

[23] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm Studies, Umea, Sweden

[24] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[25] Nature Conservancy, Hollis, NH USA

[26] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[27] Univ Wisconsin, UW Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA

[28] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA

[29] Michigan Technol Univ, Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA

[30] WWF Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

[31] WWF Int, Gland, Switzerland

[32] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[33] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[34] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries I, Berlin, Germany

[35] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biol, Berlin, Germany

[36] WWF Brazil, Brasilia, DF, Brazil

[37] Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany

[38] Rewilding Europe, Nijmegen, Netherlands

[39] FWF, Austrian Sci Fund, Vienna, Austria

来源：

NATURE | 2019年 / 569卷 / 7755期

基金：

加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;

关键词：

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOOD SECURITY; MEKONG RIVER; SEDIMENT; WATER; FISH; HYDROPOWER; BIODIVERSITY; IMPACTS;

D O I：

10.1038/s41586-019-1111-9

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Free-flowing rivers (FFRs) support diverse, complex and dynamic ecosystems globally, providing important societal and economic services. Infrastructure development threatens the ecosystem processes, biodiversity and services that these rivers support. Here we assess the connectivity status of 12 million kilometres of rivers globally and identify those that remain free-flowing in their entire length. Only 37 per cent of rivers longer than 1,000 kilometres remain free-flowing over their entire length and 23 per cent flow uninterrupted to the ocean. Very long FFRs are largely restricted to remote regions of the Arctic and of the Amazon and Congo basins. In densely populated areas only few very long rivers remain free-flowing, such as the Irrawaddy and Salween. Dams and reservoirs and their up- and downstream propagation of fragmentation and flow regulation are the leading contributors to the loss of river connectivity. By applying a new method to quantify riverine connectivity and map FFRs, we provide a foundation for concerted global and national strategies to maintain or restore them.

引用

页码：215 / +

页数：22

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