Advanced approach for screening soil with a low radiocesium transfer to brown rice in Fukushima based on exchangeable and nonexchangeable potassium

被引:12
作者
Kurokawa, Kohei [1 ]
Nakao, Atsushi [1 ]
Wakabayashi, Shokichi [2 ]
Fujimura, Shigeto [2 ]
Eguchi, Tetsuya [2 ]
Matsunami, Hisaya [2 ]
Yanai, Junta [1 ]
机构
[1] Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakyo Ku, 1-5 Shimogamo,Hangi Cho, Kyoto 6068522, Japan
[2] NARO, Tohoku Agr Res Ctr, 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima 9602156, Japan
关键词
Fukushima; Exchangeable potassium; Nonexchangeable potassium; Radiocesium; Transfer factor; PLANT TRANSFER; CS-137; CESIUM; AREA;
D O I
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140458
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Phytoavailable K in soil is a key to control the transfer factor of radiocesium from soil to brown rice. The transfer factors were determined for paddy fields cultivated in 2017 and 2018 under different K fertilization regimes in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Two phytoavailable forms of K, the exchangeable and nonexchangeable K contents were investigated for the surface soil sampled after the transplanting and fertilization as well as after harvest of rice in the same paddy fields. The exchangeable K content largely decreased from after transplanting and fertilization to after harvest, and the exchangeable K of the soil after harvest was negatively correlated with the transfer factor (r(s) = -0.70, p < .001). Most soil samples after harvest showed that the transfer factors exponentially increased as the exchangeable K decreased; however, some of the samples indicated considerably low transfer factors (<0.005) despite being exchangeable K deficient, i.e., exchangeable K < 25 mg K2O 100 g(-1). Even though this value before usual fertilization has been effectively used as a threshold to determine whether supplemental K fertilization is required to reduce the radiocesium content in brown rice, additional screening was needed to estimate this radiocesium transfer more precisely. Thus, we found that not only the exchangeable K but also nonexchangeable K contents had a negative correlation with the transfer factor (r(s) = -0.60, p <.001) of the soil samples after harvest but were not correlated with each other (r(p) = -0.10). Furthermore, the results revealed that soil with nonexchangeable K > 50 mg K2O 100 g(-1) indicated a considerably low transfer factor, even if exchangeable K deficient. Thus, via our field-scale experiments, we concluded that the criterion nonexchangeable K > 50 mg K(2)O100 g(-1) can be used as another threshold for use along with that of exchangeable K to differentiate soil with a low radiocesium transfer rate from exchangeable K deficient soil. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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页数:11
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