2-D Direct-Coupled Standing-Wave Oscillator Arrays

被引:14
作者
Chen, Yen-Ju [1 ]
Chu, Ta-Shun [1 ]
机构
[1] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
关键词
Antenna array; CMOS; direct coupling; effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP); injection locking; millimeter wave; oscillator array; phase noise; standing wave; sub-terahertz; 2-D; CLOCK DISTRIBUTION; GRID OSCILLATORS; PHASE NOISE;
D O I
10.1109/TMTT.2013.2285352
中图分类号
TM [电工技术]; TN [电子技术、通信技术];
学科分类号
0808 ; 0809 ;
摘要
A direct-coupled technique for standing wave oscillator (SWO) arrays is presented in this paper. The oscillation currents of a unit cell in the SWO array directly inject to adjacent cells through the resonator. Two 2-D SWO arrays based on the technique are reported. The first SWO array can provide synchronous signals with identical frequencies, amplitudes, and phases at multiple locations over a chip. It is implemented in a 90-nm CMOS technology with 61.5-GHz oscillation frequency. Millimeter-wave radiators that consists of the proposed SWO array, an RF driver array, and an on-chip loop antenna array are implemented in a single chip to verify the synchronicity of the reported 2-D SWO via wireless measurement. The indirect evidence of synchronicity is provided from the correlation between the wireless measured effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and phase noise of 1 x 1, 2 x 2, and 3 x 3 arrays. The EIRP in the normal direction of the array is increasing by a factor of 10 log N-2 and the phase noise is reducing by a factor of 10 log N over that of a single cell, where is the number of unit cells in the array. The second SWO array can provide synchronous signals with identical frequencies, amplitudes, and multiple phases at multiple locations over a chip. It is implemented in a 65-nm CMOS technology with 132.5-GHz fundamental frequency. The SWO array is designed for a 2-D second-harmonic (265 GHz) spatial power radiating and combining array. The EIRPs of the fundamental frequency and second harmonic in the normal direction of the array are -34 and -6.5 dBm, respectively. The phase noise of the fundamental frequency and second harmonic at 1-MHz offset from the carrier frequency are -96 and -89 dBc/Hz, respectively.
引用
收藏
页码:4472 / 4482
页数:11
相关论文
共 32 条
  • [1] A STUDY OF LOCKING PHENOMENA IN OSCILLATORS
    ADLER, R
    [J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTE OF RADIO ENGINEERS, 1946, 34 (06): : 351 - 357
  • [2] Standing wave oscillators utilizing wave-adaptive tapered transmission lines
    Andress, WF
    Ham, D
    [J]. IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, 2005, 40 (03) : 638 - 651
  • [3] Balasurbramaniyan A., 1993, IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, V3, P366, DOI 10.1109/75.242263
  • [4] A GENERALIZED ANALYSIS FOR GRID OSCILLATOR DESIGN
    BUNDY, SC
    POPOVIC, ZB
    [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 1994, 42 (12) : 2486 - 2491
  • [5] Phase noise in coupled oscillators: Theory and experiment
    Chang, HC
    Cao, XD
    Mishra, UK
    York, RA
    [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 1997, 45 (05) : 604 - 615
  • [6] Chen Youhua, 2013, International Journal of Evolutionary Biology, P1
  • [7] Chip-package hybrid clock distribution network and DLL for low jitter clock delivery
    Chung, D
    Ryu, C
    Kim, H
    Lee, C
    Kim, J
    Bae, K
    Yu, J
    Yoo, H
    Kim, J
    [J]. IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, 2006, 41 (01) : 274 - 286
  • [8] The distributed oscillator at 4 GHz
    Divina, L
    Skvor, Z
    [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 1998, 46 (12) : 2240 - 2243
  • [9] A GALLIUM-ARSENIDE DIGITAL PHASE-SHIFTER FOR CLOCK AND CONTROL SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION IN HIGH-SPEED DIGITAL-SYSTEMS
    FOUTS, DJ
    [J]. IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, 1992, 27 (05) : 802 - 809
  • [10] Clock distribution networks in synchronous digital integrated circuits
    Friedman, EG
    [J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, 2001, 89 (05) : 665 - 692