Towards Stable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with a Low Self-Discharge Rate: Ion Diffusion Modulation and Anode Protection

被引:70
作者
Xu, Wen-Tao [1 ,2 ]
Peng, Hong-Jie [1 ,2 ]
Huang, Jia-Qi [1 ,2 ]
Zhao, Chen-Zi [1 ,2 ]
Cheng, Xin-Bing [1 ,2 ]
Zhang, Qiang [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Beijing Key Lab Green Chem React Engn & Technol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
[2] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
关键词
carbon; electrochemistry; lithium; nanotubes; sulfur; POLYSULFIDE SHUTTLE; CATHODE MATERIALS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; CARBON COMPOSITES; POROUS CARBON; ELECTROLYTE; CAPACITY; SEPARATOR; CELLS; LIFE;
D O I
10.1002/cssc.201500428
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
The self-discharge of a lithium-sulfur cell decreases the shelf-life of the battery and is one of the bottlenecks that hinders its practical applications. New insights into both the internal chemical reactions in a lithium-sulfur system and effective routes to retard self-discharge for highly stable batteries are crucial for the design of lithium-sulfur cells. Herein, a lithium-sulfur cell with a carbon nanotube/sulfur cathode and lithium-metal anode in lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide/1,3-dioxolane/dimethyl ether electrolyte was selected as the model system to investigate the self-discharge behavior. Both lithium anode passivation and polysulfide anion diffusion suppression strategies are applied to reduce self-discharge of the lithium-sulfur cell. When the lithium-metal anode is protected by a high density passivation layer induced by LiNO3, a very low shuttle constant of 0.017 h(-1) is achieved. The diffusion of the polysulfides is retarded by an ion-selective separator, and the shuttle constants decreased. The cell with LiNO3 additive maintained a discharge capacity of 97% (961 mAhg(-1)) of the initial capacity after 120 days at open circuit, which was around three times higher than the routine cell (32% of initial capacity, corresponding to 320 mAhg(-1)). It is expected that lithium-sulfur batteries with ultralow self-discharge rates may be fabricated through a combination of anode passivation and polysulfide shuttle control, as well as optimization of the lithium-sulfur cell configuration.
引用
收藏
页码:2892 / 2901
页数:10
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