A novel variant in the 3' UTR of human SCN1A gene from a patient with Dravet syndrome decreases mRNA stability mediated by GAPDH's binding

Mutations in the SCN1A gene-encoding voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-I subunit (Na(v)1.1) cause various spectrum of epilepsies including Dravet syndrome (DS), a severe and intractable form. A large number of SCN1A mutations identified from the DS patients lead to the loss of function or truncation of Na(v)1.1 that result in a haploinsufficiency effects, indicating that the exact expression level of SCN1A should be essential to maintain normal brain function. In this study, we have identified five variants c.*1025T > C, c.*1031A > T, c.*1739C > T, c.*1794C > T and c.*1961C > T in the SCN1A 3' UTR in the patients with DS. The c.*1025T > C, c.*1031A > T and c.*1794C > T are conserved among different species. Of all the five variants, only c.*1794C > T is a novel variant and alters the predicted secondary structure of the 3' UTR. We also show that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) only binds to the 3' UTR sequence containing the mutation allele 1794U but not the wild-type allele 1794C, indicating that the mutation allele forms a new GAPDH-binding site. Functional analyses show that the variant negatively regulates the reporter gene expression by affecting the mRNA stability that is mediated by GAPDH's binding, and this phenomenon could be reversed by shRNA-induced GAPDH knockdown. These findings suggest that GAPDH and the 3'-UTR variant are involved in regulating SCN1A expression at post-transcriptional level, which may provide an important clue for further investigating on the relationship between 3'-UTR variants and SCN1A-related diseases.