Impact of abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertension and other risk factors on coronary artery disease

Background The degree to which abnormal glucose tolerance contributes to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been clarified in Japanese. The relationship between abnormal glucose tolerance and severity of coronary artery stenosis, as well as the contributions of hypertension, diabetes and other risk factors for CAD to recurrence of the disease, were investigated in the present study. Methods and Results The subjects were 474 consecutive patients (mean age: 63.8 +/- 11.3 years) with suspected CAD who were admitted to Sapporo Medical University Hospital during April 1, 1997 to March 31, 2004. The coronary index and stenosis score were higher in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) and in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) than in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Ischemic episodes recurred during the observation period (mean 2.5 years) in 61 of 341 patients diagnosed as having CAD. In the follow-up subjects, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group, and SBP was a significant variable in logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age, gender, hemoglobin Alc, total cholesterol, body mass index, smoking history, family history and stenosis score. The relative risk of recurrence became 1.7-fold higher with a rise in SBP of 10 mmHg (95% confidence interval: 1.252-2.250). Analysis of the relationship between glucose tolerance and recurrence showed that the rate of recurrence was higher in patients with IFG + IGT + DM than in those with NGT. Conclusions CAD progresses not only in patients with DM but also in those with IGT. The rate of recurrence of ischemic episodes increases in individuals with IGT or DM, and suggesting that hypertension is a risk factor for recurrence of ischemic episodes. Management of glucose tolerance and blood pressure is therefore important for prevention of CAD in Japanese.