Direct Measurement of the Nickel Spectrum in Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range from 8.8 GeV/n to 240 GeV/n with CALET on the International Space Station

被引：14

作者：

Adriani, O. ^{[1
,2
]}

Akaike, Y. ^{[3
,4
]}

Asano, K. ^{[5
]}

Asaoka, Y. ^{[5
]}

Berti, E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bigongiari, G. ^{[6
,7
]}

Binns, W. R. ^{[8
,9
]}

Bongi, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Brogi, P. ^{[6
,7
]}

Bruno, A. ^{[10
]}

Buckley, J. H. ^{[8
,9
]}

Cannady, N. ^{[11
,12
,13
]}

Castellini, G. ^{[14
]}

Checchia, C. ^{[6
,7
]}

Cherry, M. L. ^{[15
]}

Collazuol, G. ^{[16
,17
]}

Ebisawa, K. ^{[18
]}

Ficklin, A. W. ^{[15
]}

Fuke, H. ^{[18
]}

Gonzi, S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Guzik, T. G. ^{[15
]}

Hams, T. ^{[11
]}

Hibino, K. ^{[19
]}

Ichimura, M. ^{[20
]}

Ioka, K. ^{[21
]}

Ishizaki, W. ^{[5
]}

Israel, M. H. ^{[8
,9
]}

Kasahara, K. ^{[22
]}

Kataoka, J. ^{[23
]}

Kataoka, R. ^{[24
]}

Katayose, Y. ^{[25
]}

Kato, C. ^{[26
]}

Kawanaka, N. ^{[21
,27
]}

Kawakubo, Y. ^{[15
]}

Kobayashi, K. ^{[3
,4
]}

Kohri, K. ^{[28
]}

Krawczynski, H. S. ^{[8
,9
]}

Krizmanic, J. F. ^{[12
]}

Maestro, P. ^{[6
,7
]}

Marrocchesi, P. S. ^{[6
,7
]}

Messineo, A. M. ^{[7
,29
]}

Mitchell, J. W. ^{[12
]}

Miyake, S. ^{[30
]}

Moiseev, A. A. ^{[12
,13
,31
]}

Mori, M. ^{[32
]}

Mori, N. ^{[2
]}

Motz, H. M. ^{[33
]}

Munakata, K. ^{[26
]}

Nakahira, S. ^{[18
]}

Nishimura, J. ^{[18
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Florence, Dept Phys, Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

[2] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Florence, Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

[3] Waseda Univ, Waseda Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, 17 Kikuicho, Tokyo 1620044, Japan

[4] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, JEM Utilizat Ctr, Human Spaceflight Technol Directorate, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan

[5] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan

[6] Univ Siena, Dept Phys Sci Earth & Environm, Via Roma 56, I-53100 Siena, Italy

[7] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Polo Fibonacci, Sez Pisa, Largo B Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[8] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, One Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA

[9] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, One Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA

[10] NASA GSFC, Heliospher Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[11] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA

[12] NASA GSFC, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[13] NASA GSFC, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[14] Natl Res Council CNR, Inst Appl Phys IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

[15] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA

[16] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[17] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[18] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan

[19] Kanagawa Univ, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2218686, Japan

[20] Hirosaki Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Bunkyo Ku, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan

[21] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Kyoto 6068502, Japan

[22] Shibaura Inst Technol, Dept Elect Informat Syst, 307 Fukasaku, Saitama 3378570, Japan

[23] Waseda Univ, Sch Adv Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan

[24] Natl Inst Polar Res, 10-3 Midori Cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan

[25] Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Div Intelligent Syst Engn, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan

[26] Shinshu Univ, Fac Sci, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan

[27] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Kyoto 6068502, Japan

[28] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan

[29] Univ Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[30] Ibaraki Coll, Natl Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Syst Engn, 866 Nakane, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 3128508, Japan

[31] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[32] Ritsumeikan Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Dept Phys Sci, Kusatsu, Shiga 5258577, Japan

[33] Waseda Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Global Ctr Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan

[34] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Phys Bldg,Room 211,2112 East Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80208 USA

[35] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Quantum ICT Adv Dev Ctr, 4-2-1 Nukui Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan

[36] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Dept Phys & Math, Chuo Ku, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan

[37] Nihon Univ, Coll Ind Technol, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino, Chiba 2758575, Japan

[38] Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Math & Phys, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 5588585, Japan

[39] Osaka City Univ, Nambu Yoichiro Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 5588585, Japan

[40] Natl Inst Quantum & Radiat Sci & Technol, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 2638555, Japan

[41] Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan

[42] Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS | 2022年 / 128卷 / 13期

关键词：

ELECTRON TELESCOPE CALET; CHARGE COMPOSITION; NUCLEI; HEAVY;

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.131103

中图分类号：

O4 [物理学];

学科分类号：

0702 ;

摘要：

The relative abundance of cosmic ray nickel nuclei with respect to iron is by far larger than for all other transiron elements; therefore it provides a favorable opportunity for a low background measurement of its spectrum. Since nickel, as well as iron, is one of the most stable nuclei, the nickel energy spectrum and its relative abundance with respect to iron provide important information to estimate the abundances at the cosmic ray source and to model the Galactic propagation of heavy nuclei. However, only a few direct measurements of cosmic-ray nickel at energy larger than similar to 3 GeV/n are available at present in the literature, and they are affected by strong limitations in both energy reach and statistics. In this Letter, we present a measurement of the differential energy spectrum of nickel in the energy range from 8.8 to 240 GeV/n, carried out with unprecedented precision by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) in operation on the International Space Station since 2015. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number Z = 40). The particle's energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter (1.2 proton interaction lengths, 27 radiation lengths) preceded by a thin imaging section (3 radiation lengths) providing tracking and energy sampling. This Letter follows our previous measurement of the iron spectrum [O. Adriani et al (CALET Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 241101 (2021).], and it extends our investigation on the energy dependence of the spectral index of heavy elements. It reports the analysis of nickel data collected from November 2015 to May 2021 and a detailed assessment of the systematic uncertainties. In the region from 20 to 240 GeV/n our present data are compatible within the errors with a single power law with spectral index -2.51 +/- 0.07.

引用

页数：8

共 58 条

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Adriani, O. ;

Akaike, Y. ;

Asano, K. ;

Asaoka, Y. ;

Berti, E. ;

Bigongiari, G. ;

Binns, W. R. ;

Bongi, M. ;

Brogi, P. ;

Bruno, A. ;

Buckley, J. H. ;

Cannady, N. ;

Castellini, G. ;

Checchia, C. ;

Cherry, M. L. ;

Collazuol, G. ;

Ebisawa, K. ;

Ficklin, A. W. ;

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