The effects of extracellular calmodulin on initiation of Hippeastrum rutilum pollen germination and tube growth

The effects of anti-calmodulin (CaM) serum, the CaM antagonist W7-agarose, the Ca2+ chelator ethyleneglycol- bis-(beta-amino ethyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and exogenous pure CaM on pollen germination and tube growth of Hippeastrum rutilum Herb were studied. Pollen germination and tube growth were inhibited or completely stopped by anti-CaM serum in a dose-dependent manner, while the same amount of preimmune serum had no effect on either process. Pollen germination and tube growth were also inhibited or completely stopped by the CaM antagonist W7-agarose and the Ca2+ chelator EGTA. The addition of exogenous pure CaM enhanced pollen germination and tube growth, whereas the same amount of bovine serum albumin had no effect. The inhibitory effects caused by anti-CaM serum. W7-agarose and EGTA-washing could be reversed completely by the addition of exogenous pure CaM. These results indicate that extracellular CaM initiates pollen germination and tube growth, whereas exogenous CaM enhances the above processes, and may provide a novel view for understanding the control of pollen germination and tube growth.