A microswitch-cluster program to enhance object manipulation and to reduce hand mouthing by three boys with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities

We assessed a microswitch-cluster program to enhance object manipulation and to reduce hand mouthing by three boys with autism spectrum disorders and severe to profound intellectual disabilities. A second goal of the study was to monitor the effect of such program on the indices of happiness of the participants. The study has been carried out according to an ABB(1)AB(1) sequence, where A represented baseline phases, B represented intervention phase in which the adaptive response (i.e. object manipulation) was followed by a contingent positive stimulation irrespective of challenge behavior (i.e. hand mouthing), and B-1 indicated intervention phases in which an adaptive response was followed by a contingent positive stimulation only if it occurred with the simultaneous absence of the challenge behavior. Otherwise, positive stimulation was interrupted if the challenge behavior was exhibited during its supply. Results showed an increasing of the adaptive responses and a decrease of the challenge behavior during intervention phases. All participants spent less time with the exhibition of challenge behavior, during intervention phases, compared to baseline sessions. Finally, the indices of happiness augmented during intervention phases. Clinical, practical and psychological implications of the findings are discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.