New Perspectives on the Electronic and Geometric Structure of Au70S20(PPh3)12 Cluster: Superatomic-Network Core Protected by Novel Au12(μ3-S)10 Staple Motifs

In order to increase the understanding of the recently synthesized Au70S20(PPh3)(12) cluster, we used the divide and protect concept and superatom network model (SAN) to study the electronic and geometric of the cluster. According to the experimental coordinates of the cluster, the study of Au70S20(PPh3)(12) cluster was carried out using density functional theory calculations. Based on the superatom complex (SAC) model, the number of the valence electrons of the cluster is 30. It is not the number of valence electrons satisfied for a magic cluster. According to the concept of divide and protect, Au70S20(PPh3)(12) cluster can be viewed as Au-core protected by various staple motifs. On the basis of SAN model, the Au-core is composed of a union of 2e-superatoms, and 2e-superatoms can be Au-3, Au-4, Au-5, or Au-6. Au70S20(PPh3)(12) cluster should contain fifteen 2e-superatoms on the basis of SAN model. On analyzing the chemical bonding features of Au70S20(PPh3)(12), we showed that the electronic structure of it has a network of fifteen 2e-superatoms, abbreviated as 15 x 2e SAN. On the basis of the divide and protect concept, Au70S20(PPh3)(12) cluster can be viewed as Au-46(16+)[Au-12(mu(3)-S)(10)(8-)](2)[PPh3](12). The Au-46(16+) core is composed of one Au-22(12+) innermost core and ten surrounding 2e-Au-4 superatoms. The Au-22(12+) innermost core can either be viewed as a network of five 2e-Au-6 superatoms, or be considered as a 10e-superatomic molecule. This new segmentation method can properly explain the structure and stability of Au70S20(PPh3)(12) cluster. A novel extended staple motif [Au-12(mu(3)-S)(10)](8-) was discovered, which is a half-cage with ten mu(3)-S units and six teeth. The six teeth staple motif enriches the family of staple motifs in ligand-protected Au clusters. Au70S20(PPh3)(12) cluster derives its stability from SAN model and aurophilic interactions. Inspired by the half-cage motif, we design three core-in-cage clusters with cage staple motifs, Cu-6@Au-12(mu(3)-S)(8), Ag-6@Au-12(mu(3)-S)(8) and Au-6@Au-12(mu(3)-S)(8), which exhibit high thermostability and may be synthesized in future.