Nanodiagnosis and nanotreatment of colorectal cancer: an overview

The most suitable strategy to improving the long-term viability of cancer patients and overcoming the high morbidity and severity of cancer is the precise identification of particular tumor markers related to cancer using non-invasive techniques. A suitable and immediate therapeutic action may result in the measurement of biomarkers at various phases of cancer. In this scope, the detection of biomarkers by various nanosensors is at the forefront of innovation into cancer diagnosis due to their specific features such as flexibility, rapid response, precise measurement, and multipathing and miniaturization processability. In this review, different nanobiosensors and several biomarkers were discussed for diagnosis of colorectal cancer. In the last few years, multifunctional nanostructured materials have shown a considerable potential to augment the efficacy, selectivity, specificity, and controlled release of various drugs for colorectal cancer treatment. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems hold enormous perspective to minimize systemic toxicity by the construction of modified nanomaterials for target-specific treatment. This review shed light on the current progress of various kinds of nanomaterials such as dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, lipid nanodiscs, nano-cubosomes, and nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery in the treatment of colorectal cancer.