A rare case report of renal vein pseudoaneurysm after blunt trauma

Rationale: Renal vein pseudoaneurysm after blunt trauma is an extremely rare clinical disease. Different interventions, such as conservative, surgical, and endovascular treatments, can be considered. However, previous studies have not described the optimal treatment strategies for this condition. Furthermore, there is a significant lack of prior case reports and of standardized treatment guidelines for trauma-induced renal vein pseudoaneurysm patients who previously maintained antithrombotic agent. Patient concerns: A 23-year-old female patient visited the emergency department after sustaining blunt injury caused by falling. The patient was diagnosed with multiple limb and rib fractures. A right renal vein pseudoaneurysm was found on abdominal computed tomography scan. Initially, there was no other organ damage, and the patient was hemodynamically stable. Thus, nonsurgical, conservative management was considered. However, the patient's hematocrit and hemoglobin levels decreased, and there was no hemodynamic improvement. The patient required lifelong treatment with aspirin because she previously underwent Fontan surgery, and orthopedic surgery for multiple fractures was planned. Thus, considering these factors, the treatment method was changed from conservative management to endovascular stent insertion. Diagnoses: Abdominal computed tomography and renal venography revealed a right renal vein pseudoaneurysm. Interventions: On the basis of the abdominal computed tomography scan and renal venography findings, the endovascular stent graft was inserted across the pseudoaneurysm area. Outcomes: Upon placement of the endovascular stent, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels gradually returned to normal. The patient's vital signs and general condition had improved. The patient recovered without any complications and was discharged 29 days after hospitalization. Lessons: Some patients with traumatic renal vein pseudoaneurysm do not experience hemodynamic improvement despite conservative treatment. Hence, endovascular procedure may be considered for these patients, particularly those who require antithrombotic treatment for a previous disease.