Understanding instrumental variables in models with essential heterogeneity

被引:461
作者
Heckman, James J. [1 ]
Urzua, Sergio
Vytlacil, Edward
机构
[1] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
[2] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
[3] Amer Bar Fdn, Chicago, IL USA
[4] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
D O I
10.1162/rest.88.3.389
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
This paper examines the properties of instrumental variables (IV) applied to models with essential heterogeneity, that is, models where responses to interventions are heterogeneous and agents adopt treatments (participate in programs) with at least partial knowledge of their idiosyncratic response. We analyze two-outcome and multi ple-outcome models, including ordered and unordered choice models. We allow for transition-specific and general instruments. We generalize previous analyses by developing weights for treatment effects for general instruments. We develop a simple test for the presence of essential heterogeneity. We note the asymmetry of the model of essential heterogeneity: outcomes of choices are heterogeneous in a general way; choices are not. When both choices and outcomes are permitted to be symmetrically heterogeneous, the method of IV breaks down for estimating treatment parameters.
引用
收藏
页码:389 / 432
页数:44
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