Self-cleaning ceramic materials were prepared by coating photocatalytic membrane on ceramic matrix. The photocatalytic behavior of these materials for degradation of oleic acid and sterilization was studied by using XRD, AES, and in-situ reaction techniques. The effect of preparation and reaction conditions including heating treatment and thickness for the membrane on photocatalytic activity of the self-cleaning ceramics was examined. The results show that the photodegradation of oleic acid and sterilization of the self-cleaning ceramics are determined by crystal structure, particle size, and specific surface area of the supported photocatalyst membrane.