Inclusive Dentistry: Integral Management of Pediatric Patients with Intellectual Disability and/or Communication Impairments. Case-Series Reports

Dental treatment for anxious or fearful intellectually disabled children/adolescents (IDCA) may present great challenges, due to deficits in cognitive, intellectual, language, and social abilities, in conjunction with limited adaptive behavior. In many cases, it is necessary for the Dentist to implement advanced behavioral control techniques. Inclusive Dentistry (ID) considers profoundly each patient's individual interests and likes, including the social and family situations, for choosing the respective personalized plan -contemplating potential risks and benefits-for the behavior control, in order to obtain the maximal possible cooperation of the patient in the dental chair. Through ID, the Pediatric Dental Practitioner aims to alleviate the anxiety and fear of IDCA in the clinical setting, in such a way that these patients are positively motivated, on a long-term basis, for current and future oral care, both at the dental office and at home. This management approach may be a time-consuming method or require more effort by the dentist, but it reaps benefits when applied for many mild-to-moderate (and some severe) IDCA. The Practitioner must possess the knowledge, in-depth understanding, and professional training for the adequate use of ID during the behavioral management of anxious or fearful IDCA. The aim of the present report was to describe four representative clinical cases of IDCA at our Clinic, managed under the philosophical principles of ID.