Tumor microenvironment heterogeneity an important mediator of prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance

被引:81
|
作者
Ge, Rongbin [1 ]
Wang, Zongwei [2 ]
Cheng, Liang [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
[2] Harvard Med Sch, Div Urol Surg, Dept Surg, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA
[3] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Urol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
关键词
HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTORS; FACTORS MASTER REGULATORS; TGF-BETA; T-CELLS; MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; CLONAL EVOLUTION; STEM-CELLS; BLOOD-FLOW; FIBROBLASTS; EXPRESSION;
D O I
10.1038/s41698-022-00272-w
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Prostate cancer is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, which poses a major challenge to precision therapy and drug development. In this review, we discuss how nongenetic factors contribute to heterogeneity of prostate cancer. We also discuss tumor heterogeneity and phenotypic switching related to anticancer therapies. Lastly, we summarize the challenges targeting the tumor environments, and emphasize that continued exploration of tumor heterogeneity is needed in order to offer a personalized therapy for advanced prostate cancer patients.
引用
收藏
页数:8
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