Philosophical and pedagogic views of N. M. Karamzin

The paper analyses the evolution of N. M. Karamzin's ideas from the position of moderate westernism and liberalism to organic conservatism. Special attention is given to Karamzin's understanding of the philosophy of history, where the main emphasis was made on the splendor of monarchical Russia. N. M. Karamzin was critical about the early liberal reforms of Alexander I and proposed the introduction of a "sound" state system, based on national values and exercising caution to the new developments. The paper also analyses Karamzin's conceptualization of the dynamics of the historical process. It is noted that he assign special importance to autocracy in the harmonious development of Russia, it is precisely the monarch who needs to create conditions for increasing the efficiency of the state apparatus. The monarch's policy must, by the inevitability of punishment, compel officials (of high and lower ranks) to comply with the laws. A significant role in society should also belong to the Church, which, according to N. Karamzin, needs to be given more attention. Overall, the scholar sees the secret to the prosperity of Russia In the synergy of strong state leadership, government apparatus, and priests. The pedagogical views of Karamzin are another focus of the present work, as well as his understanding of national education and the interplay of the universal and nationally specific features in it. Opposing isolationism, the scholar, nevertheless, advanced the idea that Russia needs to have its own way in development by means of improving the educational system, introducing the continuity of its stages, and enhancing the quality of preparing teachers. The paper arrives at a conclusion about the relevance of N. Karamzin's ideas for modern Russian society.