Protocols of improvements for PMMA denture base resin: An overview

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a polymer that is expansively employed in denture base construction due to its low cost, aesthetics, lightweight, reparability, and processability. Nevertheless, this material is not ideal to fulfill the mechanical and physical characteristics of dental restorations. Despite the popularity of the thermal polymerization method, the main shortcoming is the prolonged curing period. Thus, correctly selecting a polymerization cycle and post-polymerization treatment is needed to achieve promising outcomes. In autoclave polymerization, pressure plays a crucial function in accelerating the initial polymerization as well as decreasing the pores and remaining monomer level, thereby improving the flexural strength. Besides, ultrasound can speed up conventional chemical reactions by generating intensive local heating, higher pressures, and very short periods. This article reviews the currently employed protocols for enhancing PMMA denture base polymers and discusses the properties of modified acrylic materials. Moreover, this work explores the effects of the post-polymerization treatment, autoclave process, ultrasonic treatment, and gamma irradiation on the PMMA performance, as well as the positive influence of these treatments on functional properties and clinical longevity.