SPIDER: A Framework for Understanding Driver Distraction

Objective: The objective was to identify key cognitive processes that are impaired when drivers divert attention from driving. Background: Driver distraction is increasingly recognized as a significant source of injuries and fatalities on the roadway. Method/Results: A SPIDER model is developed that identifies key cognitive processes that are impaired when drivers divert attention from driving. SPIDER is an acronym standing for scanning, predicting, identifying, decision making, and executing a response. Conclusion: When drivers engage in secondary activities unrelated to the task of driving, SPIDER-related processes are impaired, situation awareness is degraded, and the ability to safely operate a motor vehicle may be compromised. Application: The pattern of interference helps to illuminate the sources of driver distraction and may help guide the integration of new technology into the automobile.