Can activated sludge treatments and advanced oxidation processes remove organophosphorus flame retardants?

被引:92
作者
Cristale, Joyce [1 ]
Ramos, Dayana D. [2 ]
Dantas, Renato F. [3 ,4 ]
Machulek Junior, Amilcar [2 ]
Lacorte, Silvia [1 ]
Sans, Carme [3 ]
Esplugas, Santiago [3 ]
机构
[1] CSIC, IDAEA, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain
[2] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Inst Chem, BR-79074460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
[3] Univ Barcelona, Dept Chem Engn, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
[4] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Sch Technol, BR-13484332 Limeira, SP, Brazil
关键词
Flame retardants; Advanced oxidation process; Emerging contaminants; Sewage sludge; POSSIBLE MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS/LARVAE; EMERGING CONTAMINANTS; WASTE-WATER; PLASTICIZERS; OZONATION; SURFACE; SEWAGE; POLLUTANTS; TOXICITY;
D O I
10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.008
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
This study aims to determine the occurrence of 10 OPFRs (including chlorinated, nonchlorinated alkyl and aryl compounds) in influent, effluent wastewaters and partitioning into sludge of 5 wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Catalonia (Spain). All target OPFRs were detected in the WWTPs influents, and the total concentration ranged from 3.67 mu g L-1 to 150 mu g L-1. During activated sludge treatment, most OPFRs were accumulated in the sludge at concentrations from 35.3 to 9980 ng g(-1) dw. Chlorinated compounds tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (TDCPP) were not removed by the conventional activated sludge treatment and they were released by the effluents at approximately the same inlet concentration. On the contrary, aryl compounds tris(methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP) and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDP) together with alkyl tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) were not detected in any of the effluents. Advanced oxidation processes (UV/H2O2 and O-3) were applied to investigate the degradability of recalcitrant OPFRs in WWTP effluents. Those detected in the effluent sample (TCEP, TCIPP, TDCPP, tributyl phosphate (TNBP), tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TIBP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP)) had very low direct UV-C photolysis rates. TBOEP, TNBP and TIBP were degraded by UV/H2O2 and O-3. Chlorinated compounds TCEP, TDCPP and TCIPP were the most recalcitrant OPFR to the advanced oxidation processes applied. The study provides information on the partitioning and degradability pathways of OPFR within conventional activated sludge WWTPs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:11 / 18
页数:8
相关论文
共 36 条
[1]   The significance of brominated flame retardants in the environment: current understanding, issues and challenges [J].
Alaee, M ;
Wenning, RJ .
CHEMOSPHERE, 2002, 46 (05) :579-582
[2]   Elimination of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in drinking water purification [J].
Andresen, J ;
Bester, K .
WATER RESEARCH, 2006, 40 (03) :621-629
[3]   Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticisers in surface waters [J].
Andresen, JA ;
Grundmann, A ;
Bester, K .
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 2004, 332 (1-3) :155-166
[4]  
[Anonymous], 1997, FLAM RET GEN INTR
[5]   Organophosphorus flame-retardant and plasticizer analysis, including recommendations from the first worldwide interlaboratory study [J].
Brandsma, Sicco H. ;
de Boer, Jacob ;
Cofino, Wim P. ;
Covaci, Adrian ;
Leonards, Pim E. G. .
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 2013, 43 :217-228
[6]   Occurrence and removal efficiency of pesticides in sewage treatment plants of four Mediterranean River Basins [J].
Campo, Julian ;
Masia, Ana ;
Blasco, Cristina ;
Pico, Yolanda .
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, 2013, 263 :146-157
[7]   Occurrence of acidic pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Tuna River Basin: From waste to drinking water [J].
Carmona, Eric ;
Andreu, Vicente ;
Pico, Yolanda .
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 2014, 484 :53-63
[8]   Priority and emerging flame retardants in rivers: Occurrence in water and sediment, Daphnia magna toxicity and risk assessment [J].
Cristale, Joyce ;
Garcia Vazquez, Alejandro ;
Barata, Carlos ;
Lacorte, Silvia .
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL, 2013, 59 :232-243
[9]   Development and validation of a multiresidue method for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, new brominated and organophosphorus flame retardants in sediment, sludge and dust [J].
Cristale, Joyce ;
Lacorte, Silvia .
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A, 2013, 1305 :267-275
[10]  
Domenjoud B, 2011, J ADV OXID TECHNOL, V14, P138