Pseudocapacitive Effect of Carbons Doped with Different Functional Groups as Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors

被引:27
|
作者
Mirzaeian, Mojtaba [1 ,2 ]
Abbas, Qaisar [1 ,3 ]
Hunt, Michael R. C. [3 ]
Hall, Peter [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ West Scotland, Sch Comp Engn & Phys Sci, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland
[2] Al Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ, Fac Chem & Chem Technol, Al Farabi Ave 71, Alma Ata 050012, Kazakhstan
[3] Univ Durham, Ctr Mat Phys, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England
关键词
electrochemical energy storage; aqueous supercapacitor; functionalised nanomaterials; nitrogen and oxygen co-doping; capacitive performance; ACTIVATED CARBON; PORE-SIZE; RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE; POROUS CARBON; ENERGY-STORAGE; NITROGEN; PERFORMANCE; SUPERCAPACITORS; OXYGEN; GRAPHENE;
D O I
10.3390/en13215577
中图分类号
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要
In this study, RF-based un-doped and nitrogen-doped aerogels were produced by polymerisation reaction between resorcinol and formaldehyde with sodium carbonate as catalyst and melamine as the nitrogen source. Carbon/activated carbon aerogels were obtained by carbonisation of the gels under inert atmosphere (Ar) followed by activation of the carbons under CO2 at 800 degrees C. The BET analysis of the samples showed a more than two-fold increase in the specific Surf. area and pore volume of carbon from 537 to 1333 m(2)g(-1) and 0.242 to 0.671 cm(3)g(-1) respectively after nitrogen doping and activation. SEM and XRD analysis of the samples revealed highly porous amorphous nanostructures with denser inter-particle cross-linked pathways for the activated nitrogen-doped carbon. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the presence of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms on the Surf. and within the carbon matrix where improvement in wettability with the drop in the contact angle from 123 degrees to 80 degrees was witnessed after oxygen and nitrogen doping. A steady drop in the equivalent series (RS) and charge transfer (RCT) resistances was observed by electrochemical measurements after the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms. The highest specific capacitance of 289 Fg(-1) with the lowest values of 0.11 omega and 0.02 omega for RS and RCT was achieved for nitrogen and oxygen dual-doped activated carbon in line with its improved Surf. chemistry and wettability, and its enhanced conductivity due to denser inter-particle cross-linked pathways.
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页数:21
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