Numerical modelling of multiphase flow in unsaturated deforming porous media

The aim of this paper is to address a number of significant challenges in the analysis of multiphase unsaturated soils when subjected to both static and dynamic loading. These challenges include the non-linear behaviour of the solid skeleton of the soil as well as the means by which the unsaturated nature of the multi-phase soil is dealt with. A review of some fundamental issues in partially saturated soils as well as the governing equations are presented and then the application of the generalised-a algorithm for time integration of the global equations of motion for unsaturated soils is demonstrated. Solutions to these equations obtained by the finite element method are validated by recently presented analytical solutions. A description of the selected constitutive model and its integration is also presented, together with a strategy to verify the numerical implementation. Finally, solutions for the classic problem of static loading of a rigid footing resting on a partially saturated (three-phase) soil and a fully saturated (two-phase) soil are presented. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.