Explosive impact on real-time deformable terrain

In this paper, we describe methods for real-time modelling explosions and their impacts on realistic deformable terrains. Our simulation method elaborates a strength and damage model for terrain material under explosion shock wave loading. The creation of the terrain deformation is tightly coupled with an adaptive mesh algorithm for dynamic level of detail terrain rendering to achieve both visual realism and frame coherences. A novel particle system is developed to model the effects of falling soil and rock masses distributed around the explosion area to create realistic variations. The techniques presented here can be adapted by the most of systems involving dynamic terrain rendering for modelling explosions and topology changes of the terrain for real-time interactive applications. The integrated terrain deformation also offers adaptive mechanisms for further system development.