Switching of negative and positive dielectro-anisotropic liquid crystals by in-plane electric fields

This article compares switching behaviors between negative (Nn) and positive (Np) dielectro-anisotropic nematic liquid crystals driven by an in-plane electric field which is generated with interdigital electrodes. Even for Np type liquid crystals, excellent viewing angle characteristics were obtained as expected. Theoretical descriptions of the switching principle, i.e,, threshold behavior and response mechanism, could be applied to both the Na and Mp type liquid crystals. However, the orientational deformation of the Np type liquid crystals caused by a distorted electric field which occurred near the edges of electrodes was not the same as that of the Nn type liquid crystals. The switching of the Np type liquid crystals near the edges of the electrodes by this field was followed by the in-plane switching of the liquid crystals between the electrodes. This remarkably distinctive dynamical behavior implied a difference in the response of the longitudinal axes for Nn and Np type liquid crystal molecules. The longitudinal axes of the latter seemed to be sensitive to the electric field component perpendicular to the substrates when applying the in-plane electric field. Furthermore, these experimentally obtained results were supported by computer simulations which analyzed the liquid crystal director distribution and transmittance pattern from edge-to-edge of a pair of electrodes when applying the in-plane electric field. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics.