Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection with or without advancement in treating postoperative consecutive exotropia. Methods: We performed a retrospective review on 31 patients with consecutive exotropia who were treated with unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection (17 patients) or unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle partial resection combined with advancement (14 patients). All patients had exotropia with a less than 10 prism diopters (PD) distance near-disparity. The characteristics studied before surgery included type of esotropia surgery, detection of amblyopia, presence of an "A" or "V" pattern, dissociated vertical deviation, limitation of adduction, deviation angle measurement, and forced duction testing. Ocular alignment and status of adduction postoperatively at the last follow-up were recorded. Results: Nineteen patients (61.3%) had amblyopia, 17 patients (54.8%) had limitation of adduction, 8 patients (25.8%) had dissociated vertical deviation, and 5 patients (16.1%) had an "A" or "V" pattern. The mean preoperative exodeviation was 47.3 PD. Overall 21 (67.7%) of 31 patients achieved a successful postoperative result (alignment within 10 PD of orthophoria). There was no significant difference in successful alignment in patients treated with unilateral medial rectus muscle resection compared with those treated with unilateral medial rectus muscle partial resection combined with advancement. There was no influence of amblyopia on the result. Twelve (70.6%) of the 17 patients with limited adcluction preoperatively showed normalization of adcluction postoperatively. Conclusions: Unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection with or without advancement is an effective alternative for treating postoperative consecutive exotropia.
