Naturalism in the 19th century library

In traditional historiography, naturalism occupies a low place. Some novels (such as Aluisio Azevedo's O cortico) are accepted, but not their conceptions of man and literature. In Brazil, writer Jose Verissimo was the main spokesman for criticism against naturalism. He wrote about the major novels of aesthetics, often in a position of resistance. For him, naturalism was anti-artistic and lacked "local color." It was "raw literature" and so it went down in history. In this paper, we will study naturalism not based on the judgments of the elite writers, but on the place of naturalist books in the nineteenth-century book trade. We abandon the evolutionary axiom and the territory-centered view of literary history in order to conceive of naturalism as a transnational literary manifestation, as "naturalism-world." In this new scenario, naturalism emerges as an "aesthetic of experimentation" that from 1870 spread to various parts of the world and harbored various modes of execution of its principles. Outside the literary circuits and their periodicals, naturalism was a literature of pleasure and erotic connection to matter, with dozens of titles on offer and several bestsellers.