Retention of quaternary ammonium herbicides by acid vineyard soils with different organic matter and Cu contents

Adsorption and desorption of quaternary ammonium herbicides (paraquat, diquat, and difenzoquat) has been studied in four acid vineyard soils with a range of organic matter and copper contents, in order to assess the influence of copper on herbicide adsorption. Adsorption at equilibrium has been studied in batch experiments, and kinetics have been studied in a stirred flow chamber. Adsorption and desorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo-first-order model. The retention capacity for the pesticides by the four soils, based on the results of the batch experiments, followed the sequence: paraquat > diquat > difenzoquat. The different adsorption capacities of each soil were not related to pH, clay or organic matter contents, as could be expected, but rather to copper contents. The results show that, in vineyard soils with these characteristics, competition with Cu for adsorption sites is an important factor in quaternary ammonium herbicides retention. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.