Comorbidity Burden and Presence of Multiple Intracranial Lesions Are Associated with Adverse Events after Surgical Treatment of Patients with Brain Metastases

Simple Summary Patients with brain metastasis must face advanced cancer diseases, and neurosurgical resection is often considered an inevitable part of treatment. However, peri- and postoperative complications might further worsen the prognosis for these vulnerable patients. It is therefore important to investigate risk factors for such unfavorable events in order to recognize high-risk patients at the earliest possible stage of disease. For this purpose, we aimed to identify risk factors for early postoperative complications following surgical resection of brain metastases. Our results showed that the presence of multiple brain metastases in a single patient and a high rate of additional comorbidities were associated with elevated levels of postoperative complications. Furthermore, patients who suffered from such unfavorable postoperative events were significantly more likely to die during the initial hospital stay. The present study therefore might help to preoperatively select for critically ill patients who are in mandatory need of advanced treatment and care. Surgical resection is a key treatment modality for brain metastasis (BM). However, peri- and postoperative adverse events (PAEs) might be associated with a detrimental impact on postoperative outcome. We retrospectively analyzed our institutional database with regard to patient safety indicators (PSIs), hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) and specific cranial surgery-related complications (CSCs) as high-quality metric profiles for PAEs in patients who had undergone surgery for BM in our department between 2013 and 2018. The comorbidity burden was assessed by means of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). A multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for the development of PAEs after surgical resection of BM. In total, 33 patients (8.5%) suffered from PAEs after surgery for BM. Of those, 17 PSI, 5 HAC and 11 CSC events were identified. Multiple brain metastases (p = 0.02) and a higher comorbidity burden (CCI > 10; p = 0.003) were associated with PAEs. In-hospital mortality of patients suffering from a PAE was significantly higher than that of patients without a PAE (24% vs. 0.6%; p < 0.0001). Awareness of risk factors for postoperative complications enables future prevention and optimal response, particularly in vulnerable oncological patients. The present study identified the presence of multiple brain metastases and increased comorbidity burden associated with PAEs in patients suffering from BM.