CO2 utilization options .1. An emission assessment framework

The utilization of CO2 in various products and services must be carefully assessed in order to achieve reduced CO2 emissions and simultaneously to add to the net economic benefit of society. In this paper, a framework for the assessment of CO2 utilization options in the chemical industry is outlined in which the total CO2 emission is estimated in four steps. First, the processes under study are surveyed to establish the consumption of different raw materials (reactants). Second, the CO2 emission due to the content of fossil carbon in the reactants is determined, i.e. the material-related emission. Third, the CO2 emission related to energy consumption in the studied processes is estimated, i.e. the direct energy-related emission. Fourth, the CO2 emission related to energy consumption in the reactant production processes is estimated, i.e. the indirect energy-related emission. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd