Short-Term Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Glycemic Responses and Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Adults: Results from Two Randomized Clinical Trials
The effects of spirulina consumption added in foods were investigated in two crossover clinical trials (n = 13 different healthy adults). In Trial-1 adults consumed cookies with-and-without spirulina (3.12 g per 100 g final product; 2.5 g spirulina per 50 g available carbohydrates) according to glycemic index (GI) methodology. In Trial-2, adults consumed 4 g, 6 g, and 8 g spirulina as beverage diluted in 50 g D-glucose vs. 50 g plain D-glucose. Capillary blood glucose samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min and blood pressure (BP) was measured at beginning and end of each visit in both trials. Trial-1: both cookies with and without spirulina provided medium GI values (59 and 60, respectively, on glucose-scale), but no significant differences were found for BP. Trial-2: both 4 g and 8 g spirulina lowered postprandial glucose at 120 min (95% CI: -1.64 to -16.12 and -1.23 to -15.87, respectively). The results explained 29% of variation. Only 8 g spirulina decreased significantly 90-120 min area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and systolic BP (-4%). No differences were found for fasting glucose. Adding spirulina to cookies did not affect glucose responses and BP. Only 8 g provided significantly lower 90-120 min-AUC for glucose and BP compared to 4 g, 6 g-and-D-glucose, indicating advantages to glycemic control and hypertension.
机构:
Agr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Unit Human Nutr, Athens, GreeceAgr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Unit Human Nutr, Athens, Greece
Papakonstantinou, Emilia
Orfanakos, Nickolaos
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Agr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Unit Human Nutr, Athens, GreeceAgr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Unit Human Nutr, Athens, Greece
Orfanakos, Nickolaos
Farajian, Paul
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Agr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Unit Human Nutr, Athens, GreeceAgr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Unit Human Nutr, Athens, Greece
Farajian, Paul
Kapetanakou, Anastasia E.
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h-index: 0
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Agr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Lab Food Qual Control & Hyg, Athens, GreeceAgr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Unit Human Nutr, Athens, Greece
Kapetanakou, Anastasia E.
Makariti, Ifigenia P.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Agr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Lab Food Qual Control & Hyg, Athens, GreeceAgr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Unit Human Nutr, Athens, Greece
Makariti, Ifigenia P.
Grivokostopoulos, Nikolaos
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h-index: 0
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Agr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Lab Food Qual Control & Hyg, Athens, GreeceAgr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Unit Human Nutr, Athens, Greece
Grivokostopoulos, Nikolaos
Ha, Marie-Ann
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机构:
Anglia Ruskin Univ, Med Sci, Cambridge, EnglandAgr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Unit Human Nutr, Athens, Greece
Ha, Marie-Ann
Skandamis, Panagiotis N.
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机构:
Agr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Lab Food Qual Control & Hyg, Athens, GreeceAgr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Unit Human Nutr, Athens, Greece
机构:
Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R ChinaSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Guo, Peng-Yue
He, Zhi-Zhou
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R ChinaSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
He, Zhi-Zhou
Jalaludin, Bin
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ctr Air Qual & Hlth Res & Evaluat, Glebe, NSW, Australia
Univ New South Wales, Ingham Inst Appl Medial Res, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Jalaludin, Bin
Knibbs, Luke D.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Herston, Qld, AustraliaSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Knibbs, Luke D.
Leskinen, Ari
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h-index: 0
机构:
Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio, Finland
Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, FinlandSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Leskinen, Ari
Roponen, Marjut
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, FinlandSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Roponen, Marjut
Komppula, Mika
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h-index: 0
机构:
Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio, FinlandSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Komppula, Mika
Jalava, Pasi
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, FinlandSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Jalava, Pasi
Hu, Li-Wen
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R ChinaSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Hu, Li-Wen
Chen, Gongbo
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机构:
Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R ChinaSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Chen, Gongbo
Zeng, Xiao-Wen
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R ChinaSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Zeng, Xiao-Wen
Yang, Bo-Yi
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h-index: 0
机构:
Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R ChinaSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Yang, Bo-Yi
Dong, Guang-Hui
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机构:
Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R ChinaSun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Poll, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Dong, Guang-Hui
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION,
2021,
10
(10):
机构:
Purdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USAPurdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
O'Connor, Lauren E.
Li, Jia
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Purdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Birmingham, AL 35233 USAPurdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
Li, Jia
Sayer, R. Drew
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Purdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
Univ Colorado, Anschutz Hlth & Wellness Ctr, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
Univ Colorado, Div Endocrinol Metab & Diabet, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USAPurdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
Sayer, R. Drew
Hennessy, Jane E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Purdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USAPurdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
Hennessy, Jane E.
Campbell, WayneW.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Purdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USAPurdue Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
机构:
Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USATufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Igho-Osagie, Ebuwa
Cara, Kelly
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USATufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Cara, Kelly
Wang, Deena
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
D&V Systemat Evidence Review Consulting LLC, Bronx, NY USATufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Wang, Deena
Yao, Qisi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USATufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Yao, Qisi
Penkert, Laura P.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USATufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Penkert, Laura P.
Cassidy, Aedin
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ East Anglia, Norwich Med Sch, Dept Nutr & Prevent Med, Norwich, Norfolk, EnglandTufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Cassidy, Aedin
Ferruzzi, Mario
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
North Carolina State Univ, Plants Human Hlth Inst, Kannapolis, NC USATufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Ferruzzi, Mario
Jacques, Paul F.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USATufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Jacques, Paul F.
Johnson, Elizabeth J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USATufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Johnson, Elizabeth J.
Chung, Mei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USATufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Chung, Mei
Wallace, Taylor
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
George Mason Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
Think Hlth Grp, Washington, DC 20001 USATufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA