The Selection, Optimization, and Compensation with Emotion Regulation (SOC-ER) frame work suggests that (1) emotion regulation (ER) strategies require resources and that(2) higher levels of relevant resources may increase ER success. In the current experiment, we tested the specific hypothesis that individual differences in on einternal class of resources, namely cognitive ability, would contribute to greater success using cognitive reappraisal (CR), a form of ER in which one reinterprets the meaning of emotion-eliciting situations. To test this hypothesis, 60 participants (30 younger and 30 older adults) completed standardized neuropsychological tests that assess fluid and crystallized cognitiveability, as well as a CR taskin which participants reinterpreted the meaning of sad pictures in orde rto alter (increase or decrease) theire motions. In a control condition, they viewed the pictures without trying to change how they felt. Throughout the task, we indexed subjective emotional experience (self-reported ratings of emotionalintensity), expressive behavior (corrugator muscle activity), and autonomic physiology(heart rate and electrodermal activity) as measures of emotional responding. Multilevel models were constructed to explain within-subjects variation in emotional responding as a function of ER contrasts comparing increase or decrease conditions with the view control condition and between-subjects variation as a function of cognitive abilityand/or age group(older, younger). Aspredicted, higher fluid cognitive ability-indexed by perceptual reasoning, processing speed, and working memory-was associated with greater success using reappraisal to alter emotional responding. Reappraisal success did not vary as a function of crystallized cognitive ability or age group. Collectively, our results provide support for a key tenet of the SOC-ER framework that higher levels of relevant resources may confer greater success at emotion regulation.
