Chronic inflammation in urothelial bladder cancer

被引:40
作者
Nesi, Gabriella [1 ]
Nobili, Stefania [2 ]
Cai, Tommaso [3 ]
Caini, Saverio [4 ]
Santi, Raffaella [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Florence, Dept Surg & Translat Med, Div Anat Pathol, Largo Brambilla 3, I-50134 Florence, Italy
[2] Univ Florence, Dept Hlth Sci, Sect Clin Pharmacol & Oncol, I-50139 Florence, Italy
[3] Santa Chiara Reg Hosp, Dept Urol, I-50011 Trento, Italy
[4] Inst Canc Res & Prevent ISPO, Unit Mol & Nutr Epidemiol, I-50139 Florence, Italy
关键词
Inflammation; Urothelial carcinoma; Carcinogenesis; Molecular pathology; BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMA; TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES; URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; KAPPA-B; SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR; BCG IMMUNOTHERAPY;
D O I
10.1007/s00428-015-1820-x
中图分类号
R36 [病理学];
学科分类号
100104 ;
摘要
The association between inflammation and cancer has been pointed out in epidemiological and clinical studies, revealing how chronic inflammation may contribute to carcinogenesis in various malignancies. However, the molecular events leading to malignant transformation in a chronically inflamed environment are not fully understood. In urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, inflammation plays a dual role. On the one hand, chronic inflammation is a well-established risk factor for the development of bladder cancer (BC), as seen in Schistosoma haematobium infection. On the other, intravesical therapy by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), which induces inflammation, offers protection against cancer recurrence. The large variety of pro-inflammatory mediators expressed by BC and immune cells binds to specific receptors which control signalling pathways. These activate transcription of a plethora of downstream factors. This review summarizes recent data regarding inflammation and urothelial carcinoma, with special emphasis on the role the inflammatory response plays in BC recurrence risk and progression.
引用
收藏
页码:623 / 633
页数:11
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