Membrane concentrate management options: a comprehensive critical review

被引：58
作者：
Chelme-Ayala, Pamela [1 ]
Smith, Daniel W. [1 ]
El-Din, Mohamed Gamal [1 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Alberta, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
来源：
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING | 2009年 / 36卷 / 06期
关键词：
membrane concentrate; nanofiltration; reverse osmosis; treatment; disposal; OSMOSIS DESALINATION PLANTS; TEXTILE WASTE-WATER; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; BRINE DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION; COMMITTEE REPORT; SALT PRODUCTION; RO CONCENTRATE; REJECT BRINE;
D O I：
10.1139/L09-042
中图分类号：
TU [建筑科学];
学科分类号：
0813 ;
摘要：
Membrane processes have become a competitive option to conventional treatment technologies because of the high quality of the product water. In particular, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis have been found to remove materials like natural organic matter, disinfection by-products, and endocrine-disrupting compounds. However, an issue identified as one of the major drawbacks for the adoption of pressure-driven membrane processes is the need for additional treatment of the concentrate stream. Few studies dealing with membrane concentrate treatment have been published. The majority of the published studies address the disposal of concentrate into receiving waters bodies and sewer systems. In this review paper, the characteristics of membrane concentrate in terms of water quality and their impact on receiving water bodies are discussed. In addition, several approaches to the removal of pollutants and disposal options for membrane concentrates are examined.
引用
收藏
页码：1107 / 1119
页数：13
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