ASSESSMENT OF THE OCCURRENCE OF CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA): A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of clinical characteristics of patients with severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and investigating the relationship between para-clinical (glucose, anion gap, and serum bicarbonate) and clinical parameters in patients with severe DKA. Method: A retrospective chart review of all adult patients with DKA who were admitted to the ICU at Allied hospital, Lahore between January 2018 and December 2018. The data collected include the demographic data, clinical presentation, precipitating factors, duration of hospital stay and mortality rate. The data were analyzed using STAT software. Results: A total of 60 patients were included. Of these, 50 were men (83.3%). The median age was 23 years (ranging 18-29 years). Newly diagnosed diabetics accounted for 15 (25%) of the cases; the remainder was previously known patients of type1 diabetes on treatment. The main precipitating factors of DKA were insulin treatment cessation (87.5%) and infection/sepsis (39.6%). Serum blood glucose, serum bicarbonate level, and the calculated anion gap did not significantly correlate with clinical parameters of severe DKA. Conclusion: Most patients with severe DKA who were admitted to the ICU of our institution presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. Non-compliance to insulin therapy was the main precipitating factor of DKA.