RETRACTED: Model of the influencing factors of the withdrawal from rural homesteads in China: Application of grounded theory method (Retracted article. See vol. 121, 2022)

Nowadays withdrawal from rural homesteads (WRH) is an important part of China's rural land system reform. The aim of this study is to explore the core and comprehensive influencing factors model of WRH through assessment of the policy system of WRH. Grounded theory approach has been used for this study. Besides, a case study has been done in Enshi city, China to confirm the theory. The study reveals that the livelihood, adaption, and security system are the core factors affecting the farmers' withdrawal from rural homesteads in Enshi City. "livelihood-adaptation-security" model has been developed for focusing the comprehensive influencing factors, and the policy system of WRH. This study also reveals that the major influencing factors are employment support system, withdrawal compensation system, social adaptation system, and rural social security system. These factors are beneficial for accelerating the process of urbanization in less developed areas and also help poor farmers to establish a sustainable livelihood security system which can ensure the poor peasants out of poverty.