Hydrodynamic Force Evaluation by Momentum Exchange Method in Lattice Boltzmann Simulations

As a native scheme to evaluate hydrodynamic force in the lattice Boltzmann method, the momentum exchange method has some excellent features, such as simplicity, accuracy, high efficiency and easy parallelization. Especially, it is independent of boundary geometry, preventing from solving the Navier-Stokes equations on complex boundary geometries in the boundary-integral methods. We review the origination and main developments of the momentum exchange method in lattice Boltzmann simulations. Then several practical techniques to fill newborn fluid nodes are discussed for the simulations of fluid-structure interactions. Finally, some representative applications show the wide applicability of the momentum exchange method, such as movements of rigid particles, interactions of deformation particles, particle suspensions in turbulent flow and multiphase flow, etc.