Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Sequenced Directly from Questing and Blood-Feeding Ticks Reveals Quasispecies Variance

被引:23
作者
Asghar, Naveed [1 ]
Lindblom, Pontus [2 ]
Melik, Wessam [1 ]
Lindqvist, Richard [3 ]
Haglund, Mats [4 ]
Forsberg, Pia [5 ,6 ]
Overby, Anna K. [3 ]
Andreassen, Ashild [7 ]
Lindgren, Per-Eric [2 ,8 ]
Johansson, Magnus [1 ,9 ,10 ]
机构
[1] Sodertorn Univ, Sch Nat Sci Technol & Environm Studies, Huddinge, Sweden
[2] Linkoping Univ, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Div Med Microbiol, Linkoping, Sweden
[3] Umea Univ, Dept Clin Microbiol, Umea, Sweden
[4] Cty Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Kalmar, Sweden
[5] Linkoping Univ, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Div Infect Dis, Linkoping, Sweden
[6] Linkoping Univ Hosp, Clin Infect Dis, S-58185 Linkoping, Sweden
[7] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Virol, Div Infect Dis Control, Oslo, Norway
[8] Cty Hosp Ryhov, Dept Microbiol, Div Med Serv, Jonkoping, Sweden
[9] Univ Orebro, Sch Med, SE-70182 Orebro, Sweden
[10] Univ Orebro, Fac Med & Hlth, IRiSC Inflammatory Response & Infect Susceptibil, SE-70182 Orebro, Sweden
关键词
REGION; TBE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FLAVIVIRUS; SIBERIA;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0103264
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The increased distribution of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Scandinavia highlights the importance of characterizing novel sequences within the natural foci. In this study, two TBEV strains: the Norwegian Mandal 2009 (questing nymphs pool) and the Swedish Saringe 2009 (blood-fed nymph) were sequenced and phylogenetically characterized. Interestingly, the sequence of Mandal 2009 revealed the shorter form of the TBEV genome, similar to the highly virulent Hypr strain, within the 3' non-coding region (3'NCR). A different genomic structure was found in the 3'NCR of Saringe 2009, as in-depth analysis demonstrated TBEV variants with different lengths within the poly(A) tract. This shows that TBEV quasispecies exists in nature and indicates a putative shift in the quasispecies pool when the virus switches between invertebrate and vertebrate environments. This prompted us to further sequence and analyze the 3'NCRs of additional Scandinavian TBEV strains and control strains, Hypr and Neudoerfl. Toro 2003 and Habo 2011 contained mainly a short (A) 3C(A)6 poly(A) tract. A similar pattern was observed for the human TBEV isolates 1993/783 and 1991/4944; however, one clone of 1991/4944 contained an (A) 3C(A)11 poly(A) sequence, demonstrating that quasispecies with longer poly(A) could be present in human isolates. Neudoerfl has previously been reported to contain a poly(A) region, but to our surprise the resequenced genome contained two major quasispecies variants, both lacking the poly(A) tract. We speculate that the observed differences are important factors for the understanding of virulence, spread, and control of the TBEV.
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页数:8
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