Flow Structure and Turbulence in Wind Farms

被引：381

作者：

Stevens, Richard J. A. M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Meneveau, Charles ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Twente, Dept Sci & Technol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands

[2] Univ Twente, JM Burgers Ctr Fluid Dynam, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands

[3] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

来源：

ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS, VOL 49 | 2017年 / 49卷

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

wind energy; wake models; wind turbine arrays; large-eddy simulations; atmospheric boundary layer; renewable power production; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER-FLOW; 2; IN-LINE; TURBINE WAKES; ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; POWER LOSSES; CLIMATIC IMPACTS; ANALYTICAL-MODEL; ACTUATOR DISC;

D O I：

10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060206

中图分类号：

O3 [力学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0801 ;

摘要：

Similar to other renewable energy sources, wind energy is characterized by a low power density. Hence, for wind energy to make considerable contributions to the world's overall energy supply, large wind farms (on- and offshore) consisting of arrays of ever larger wind turbines are being envisioned and built. From a fluid mechanics perspective, wind farms encompass turbulent flow phenomena occurring at many spatial and temporal scales. Of particular interest to understanding mean power extraction and fluctuations in wind farms are the scales ranging from 1 to 10 m that comprise the wakes behind individual wind turbines, to motions reaching 100 m to kilometers in scale, inherently associated with the atmospheric boundary layer. In this review, we summarize current understanding of these flow phenomena (particularly mean and second-order statistics) through field studies, wind tunnel experiments, large-eddy simulations, and analytical modeling, emphasizing the most relevant features for wind farm design and operation.

引用

页码：311 / 339

页数：29

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