Vertical confinement effects on a fully developed turbulent shear layer

The effects of vertical confinement on a turbulent shear layer are investigated with large-eddy simulations of a freely developing shear layer (FSL) and a wall-confined shear layer (WSL) that develops between two horizontal walls. In the case of the WSL, the growth of the shear layer is inhibited by the walls. Once the walls prevent the development of the shear layer, highly anisotropic velocity fluctuations become prominent in the flow. These anisotropic velocity fluctuations are recognized as elongated large-scale structures (ELSS), whose streamwise length is much larger than the length scales in the other directions. Spectral analysis confirms that the turbulent kinetic energy is dominated by the ELSS, whose streamwise length grows continuously. A proper orthogonal decomposition can effectively extract a velocity component associated with the ELSS. The isotropy of the Reynolds stress tensor is changed by the presence of the ELSS. These changes in flow characteristics due to the ELSS are not observed in the FSL, where the shear layer thickness increases continuously. These behaviors of the WSL are consistent with those of stably stratified shear layers (SSSLs), where flow structures similar to ELSS also develop when the vertical flow development is confined by the stable stratification. The vertical confinement by the walls or stable stratification strengthens mean shear effects. The flow behavior at large scales in the WSL and SSSL is consistent with rapid distortion theory for turbulence subject to mean shear, suggesting that the development of ELSS is caused by the mean shear. Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.