Calcitriol Suppressed Inflammatory Reactions in IL-1β-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells

Vitamin D has important roles on control of calcium and phosphate levels in the body. However, the role of vitamin D on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is still uncertain. Therefore, we examined the effect of the hormonal form of vitamin D, calcitriol, on inflammatory responses of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). We detected vitamin D receptor expression in non-stimulated HPDLC. Calcitriol inhibited interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 20, CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 10, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 release from IL-1 beta-stimulated HPDLC. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 production did not change by calcitriol. Moreover, we found c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and I kappa B-alpha degradation in IL-1 beta-stimulated HPDLC were inhibited by calcitriol, and JNK and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B inhibitors could decrease IL-6, IL-8, CCL20, CXCL10, and MMP-3 productions in IL-1 beta-treated HPDLC. These findings suggest that vitamin D could modulate inflammatory response in periodontal tissues.