Driving indicators in teens with attention deficit hyperactivity and/or autism spectrum disorder

Background. Motor vehicle crashes are leading causes of death among teens. Those teens with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or a dual diagnosis of ADHD/ASD have defining characteristics placing them at a greater risk for crashes. Purpose. This study examined the between-group demographic, clinical, and simulated driving differences in teens, representing three diagnostic groups, compared to healthy controls (HCs). Method. In this prospective observational study, we used a convenience sample of teens recruited from a variety of community settings. Findings. Compared to the 22 HCs (mean age = 14.32, SD = +/-.72), teen drivers representing the diagnostic groups (ADHD/ASD, n = 6, mean age = 15.00, SD = +/-.63; ADHD, n = 9, mean age = 15.00, SD = +/- 1.00; ASD, n = 7, mean age = 15.14, SD = +/-.1.22) performed poorer on visual function, visual-motor integration, cognition, and motor performance and made more errors on the driving simulator. Implications. Teens from diagnostic groups have more deficits driving on a driving simulator and may require a comprehensive driving evaluation.